1. Adaptation of animals to life in extreme water conditions How to live on the desert and in water ? Anna Rysiak Biology teacher 23 Secondary School in Lublin

2. Aims of the session:   Learn about the conditions of water and desert   Answer the question: why is it difficult to live in water and on the desert   Learn about the adaptations water and desert animals have   See what type of question they can ask about adaptations for living in water and in desert (and be able to answer it)   Recognize features of animals living in different conditions

3. What is adaptation ? An adaptation is a characteristic that an organism has evolved that helps it to survive in its environment. There are two main types of adaptations. They are: 1. 1. Structural adaptations are body parts that an organism has that help it to survive 2. 2. Behavioral adaptations are the ways that an organism behaves that help it to survive.

4. The special properties of water and conditions in water environment It is suitable enviroment for many organisms (constant temperature - homeostasis) It is a good solvent Is much more dense than air The lack of light The concentration of oxygen is changed Water pressure Salt Regulation

5. Desert conditions High temperature and day and night temperature fluctuation Water deficiency Food deficiency

6. Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) Paramecium

7. Sea turtle Leopard geco (Eublepharis macularius)

8. Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) Atlantic midshipman (Porichthys plectrodon)

9. Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) Foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus)

10. Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) Silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginalis)

11. Sidewinder (Crotalus ceraster ) Dolphin bottlenose (Torsiops truncatus)

12. Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)

13. Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Sonoran desert toad (Bufo alvarius)

14. Bilby (Macrotis lagotis) Tuna fish (Thunus thynnus)

15. Kangaroo rat (Dippodomys deserti) Sponges (Porifera)

16. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) Thory devil (Moloch horridus)

17. Addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) Angler fish (Lophius picatorius)

18. Convergent evolution This is situation, with a number of organisms from different classification groups showing similar adaptations ON THE DESERT: are medium to small in size quite a few of the animals get water through their food some animals store fat instead of water to survive conserving energy and water is very important to every animal on the desert most animals in the desert are light in color the skin of some animals is totally impervious

19. Convergent evolution IN WATER: streamlined body shape fins can take their oxygen from the water can stay underwater without breathing for an hour or more cold-blooded (ectothermic) animals marine mammals because they are warm-blooded (endothermic) have an insulating layer of blubber (made up of fat and connective tissue) under their skin in the depths of the ocean abyss, some fish are bioluminescent, using light-giving bacteria or their own light-producing eliminate the salt through their gills or “salt glands”; mammals don’t drink salt water, instead getting the water they need from the organisms they eat.

20. References: Pickering W. R. 2000. Complete biology. Oxford University Press. Umiński T. 1986. Zwierzęta i oceany. WSiP, Warszawa Does A., Johnsson N. A., Thiel T. 2004. Rediscowering biology. Moleculal to global perspectives. www. wikipedia. com.