1. Life in the Oceans & Ocean Resources
Chapter 20.2 & 20.3

2. Ocean Chemistry and Marine Life
Marine organisms depend on
two major factors
for survival.
Nutrients in
ocean water
Sunlight

3. Ocean Chemistry and Marine Life
Marine organisms maintain chemical balance of ocean water by:
removing nutrients and gases from the ocean
returning gases and nutrients to the ocean

4. Upwelling
Deep water is a storage area for nutrients needed for life, BUT, most marine organisms live near surface, so…
Nutrients must return to surface through process of upwelling.
Upwelling: movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface.

5. Upwelling

6. Marine Food Webs Most organisms live in upper 100 m of water.
Plankton: free-floating, microscopic plants and animals are base of complex food web.
Consumed by nekton and benthos.
Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in open water
Benthos: organisms that live on the ocean floor

7. Plankton

8. Larger marine animals
Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in open water
E.g. fish, dolphins, squid
Benthos: organisms that live on the ocean floor
E.g. oysters, sea stars, and crabs

9. Nekton

10. Benthos

11. Ocean environments Two basic environments
Benthic zone: bottom region of oceans and bodies of fresh water
Palegic zone: regions of an ocean or body of fresh water above the benthic zone

12. Ocean zones

13. Benthic zones Intertidal Sublittoral zone Bathyal zone Abyssal zone
Hadal zone

14. Palegic Zones Zone above the benthic zone Neritic zone Oceanic zone
Divided into four zones

15. Ocean Resources
Increase freshwater supply by desalination- the extraction of fresh water from salt water.
Methods of desalination
Distillation
Freezing
Reverse Osmosis deslination

16. The Jubail desalination plant in Saudi Arabia is the largest in the world. The plant produces 800 million gallons per day, while generating 5,000 megawatts of power. Fresh water is a vital environmental resource in the Middle East.

17. Mineral and Energy Resources
Petroleum
Found beneath sea floor
¼ of Earth’s oil extracted from offshore wells
Trace Minerals
Mg and Br—But to extract is too costly
Nodules
Source of manganese, iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, and phosphates—but recovery difficult and expensive

19. Food from the Ocean Seafood—important source of protein Harvested from
Fishing—important industry
but must manage to prevent
over-harvesting
Aquaculture—the raising
of aquatic plants and
animals for human use or
consumption.

21. Ocean-Water Pollution
Grown worse
with growth of
world population
and increased
use of more-toxic
substances.

24. Productive coastal areas and beaches are in greatest danger because they are closest to the source
Beach damaged by oil pollution

25. Filthy Facts website