1. TOWARD A POLYMORPHIC FUTURE INTERNET: AN INTERNET SCIENCE APPROACH Kavé Salamatian, LISTIC, Université de Savoie

2. Once upon a time, …, in the beginning

3. And now !

4. Happy birthday !!!! Three anniversaries in 2009 20 years of WWW 30 years of USENET 40 years of Internet

5. Internet: a global media

6. The Hourglass as the model

7. From clear layers to spaghetti … Ethernet IPv4IPv6 UDPTCP HTTPSMTP KaZaa PPP L2TP PPPoE ICMP SOAPXMLRPC ICMPv6 802.1q ICA/Citrix DNSIRC

8. The Real Internet looks like 8

9. The R&D « Learning » Curve earlymiddlelate time Solution complexity Solutions in use Understanding of problem area Solutions proposed New Cycle Industry transfer 9

10. New challenges in Networking earlymiddlelate time Solution complexity Opposite forces Applications Regulation Economy Management Complexity Are Were here or there or both! 10

11. Give it to me, I have 1G bytes phone flash. I have 100M bytes of data, who can carry for me? I can also carry for you! Thank you but you are in the opposite direction! Dont give to me! I am running out of storage. Reach an access point. Internet Finally, it arrive… Search La Bonheme.mp3 for me There is one in my pocket… Nowadays … Pocket switched networks

12. Go back to basics A network is build of components Local in a node or distributed Sitting in one layer or crossing layers Tightly or lightly coupled Cooperating to transmit information from point to point. Actual layered architecture is just one specific type of collaboration Collaborating through protocols Autonomous networking idea Moving from pile view to puzzle view Need for new theoretical framework

13. Cooperation ? Full Cooperation Do the best possible behavior to reach a goal Assuming full collaboration Is the goal achievable ? How to achieve the goal ? Multi-user information Theory Non–cooperative Selfish behavior Different rational goal How to mitigate conflicting rational goal ? Game theory Malicious behavior Harmful goal How to contain irrational objectives ? Behavioral inference

14. Cooperation framework Each Node implement a forwarding function The forwarding function implement the cooperation

15. Forwarding function Examples Flooding Routing Distributed computation Network coding Any other ?

16. CLEAN SLATE VS EVOLUTIONARY?

17. Exploring the future Internet What is broken and need to be fixed? What is the right approach? Is the clean slate approach appropriate? Any transition methodology? How difficult do you expect that a new architecture would be adopted? We have a few examples on how difficult it is to change the current architecture: multicast, mobile IP, Intserv/Diffserv, and IPv6. Any enabling factor?

18. Explore the possible Future(s) of the Internet Realistic view Continuous evolution and change Usage and Services will become predominant User-centric approach to system design On-line social networks Greening the Internet Other factors than technology will be instrumental Economics, Social behaviors, Entry cost, Regulation

19. A single architecture ? The future Internet might be Polymorphic Various research projects, scientists and people will propose new ideas GENI, FIND, FIRE, etc… Building blocks Architectures Flexibility is the major constraint of future Internet

20. Flexibility or the internet contortionist to accommodate Future Internet polymorphism Enable different cooperation paradigms in parallel. Enable easy deployment of new application deployment. Without raising routing and addressing to the application As Peer to Peer and overlay networks A network where one could implement, and deploy its new network protocols or cooperation schemes without disturbing other running protocols

21. Virtualization, the enabler Properties Isolation Fault, software and performance isolation Encapsulation All VM state can be captured into a file Interposition` All guest actions go through monitor Monitor can inspect, modify, deny operations PlanetLab, OneLab, XORP, etc.

22. Security, Internet Achille Heels What should be in future Internet security strong encryption and authentification ? VPNs Proxies ? Secure routing ?

23. Future Internet minimal security A secure execution environment A code should be executed the way it is designed and not differently An authentication mechanism Local of global authentication ? Monitoring Interposition layer ?`

24. Scalability or the delusion of grandeur Active BGP entries (FIB)349893 All BGP entries (RIB) 10775196

25. Compact space routing y Peer Q(x,y) (x,y) d-dimensional space with n zones 2 zones are neighbor if d-1 dim overlap Routing path of length: Algorithm: Choose the neighbor nearest to the destination Q(x,y) Query/ Resource key Fundamental question Is it possible to design a compact space routing for any application ?

26. Enabling continuous deployment of New architectures Virtualized substrate IP world Policies Monitoring Security Federation First applied to Test-beds federation 26

27. Vision – The « Facility » framework 27

28. Experimentally driven research Why? Research driven by Intuition & Experimentation + validation A Playground for enabling new architectures Shorter time to System/Market Complementary to Network Science What? …Enforce a Federation effort on building a large-scale facility for Internet research Building, Operating, Maintaining a testbed is costly Diversity and scale Lower the entry cost for experimentation 28

29. Conclusions Two main positions Future Internet should be polymorphic Enable the coexistence of different networking paradigms in the same framework Virtualisation is a key enabler Future Internet needs a networking science To have strong foundations rooted in Physics, information theory, economics, sociology, ethnology, etc… Cooperation is a strong concept

30. Conclusions Issues To develop this networking science Flexibility Virtualization is key We are moving toward a no architecture Security Sandbox, authentification and monitoring should be integrated to architecture Scalability Is it possible to construct infinitely scalable addressing and routing schemes Clean Slate approach should enable the coexistence of different addressing/routing schemes.