1. Phoenix Convention Center Phoenix, Arizona Targeted E4 Re-Tuning at GSA Facilities Integrated Energy Low/No Cost Solutions through Building Automation System Control Technologies August 13, 2015 Nick Fernandez Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Linda Baschnagel, P.E. General Services Administration

2. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 2007 - The Heartland Region (R6) began working with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Phase I - Energy Efficiency Expert Evaluations (E4) E4 field audits provided training to identify low-cost and no- cost energy efficiency measures (EEMs) to GSA Staff and operation and maintenance (O&M) contractors outlining improvements to the operational efficiency of buildings. 8 R6 GSA Building (4.7 million SF) Classroom and field training for 110 GSA Staff and O&M contractors 160 recommendations (no-cost/low cost and small repairs) 2 Targeted E4: Project History

3. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade In FY12, DOE funded an assessment to evaluate the impact of the 8 E4 audits. Results Average savings at the 8 buildings: 6.4% Only about 50% of the 160 recommendations implemented Field auditing to identify a list of measures was not totally effective – Staff did not make audit recommendations a priority – Limited experience by O&M with control systems to perform implementations – Implementation weighted towards easy changes like scheduling, but advanced control measures were left on the table. 3 Targeted E4: Project History

4. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Based on the results, the Heartland Region and PNNL revised the approach to achieve key EEM implementation Phase II – Targeted E4 Identify and implement control system measures. Train the O&M staff on the control measures and use of BAS Two site visits – Initial visit to identify and implement measures – Second visit to verify functionality of implemented measures – Ongoing remote assistance by tele-conference and remote access to BAS Nov 2011 -Targeted E4 model was tested in 4 buildings – Results – Energy savings range: 9% - 18% – Simple Payback approximately 1 year 4 Targeted E4: Project History

5. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade The Targeted E4 model was expanded to 5 additional buildings in FY13 and FY14. Two site visits were conducted over the 1 year assessment period for each building – Initial visit identified and implemented measures – Second visit scheduled during the opposite season Identify and implement additional measures not looked at before – Opportunity for additional on-job-training for staff – Continued remote assistance by tele-conference and remote access to BAS The Targeted E4 model has been adopted by the Heartland Region as a standard practice and will be completed on 15 buildings by the end of FY15. (7.3 million SF) 5 Targeted E4: Project History

6. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 6 Targeted E4: Project History GSA Region 6: 15 Targeted E4 Buildings

7. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Cooperation and engagement of the building staff and O&M is critical Ensure the staff/O&M understand and are comfortable with the implementations and know how make adjustments if necessary Training is more effective with hands-on experience Proper scheduling of site visit is essential 7 Keys to Success

8. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Regional Project Manager to assist with logistics before, during and after the site visits is a requirement for success Coordination of other work ongoing in the building Leverage staff ideas for additional opportunities Onsite support and remote monitoring are key Continually monitoring of building performance a must 8 Keys to Success

9. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Two site visits (minimum) – Site visits during heating and cooling season will result in more complete analysis To date, Region 6 experience indicates the Monitoring and Re- tuning Plans included in each report are not being used for follow-up by the O&M – R6 has engaged spot monitoring building performance with the assistance of a contract BAS Specialist and the planned hiring of a new Building Systems Analyst FTE 9 Further Improvements

10. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Targeted E4 re-tuning helps to quickly identify, and then quickly implement no-cost/low-cost building retuning measures that produce immediate/measurable energy performance improvements Targeted E4 produced significantly better results than E4 approach All buildings improved energy performance Targeted E4s are sustainable and are showing an impact on the improved regional energy performance Targeted E4 re-tuning is a transferable, repeatable model The R6 Regional Energy Team shared the Targeted E4 approach and resulting successes with GSA Central Office and other Regions. The Targeted E4 model was expanded throughout GSA in FY14. PNNL is currently offering the model to other GSA Regions and federal agencies. 10 Results from Targeted E4 Implementation

11. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 11 Targeted E4: Project History FY2011-2013: GSA Region 6 funded effort: 9 buildings total (Red) FY2014: GSA Central Office funded effort: 18 buildings total (Blue) FY2015: GSA Central Office funded effort: 17 buildings total (Green)

12. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 12 Energy Saving Control Measures 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings AHU and OAHU Air Delivery Static Pressure Reset Supply Air Temperature Reset Economizer Strategy Preheat Coil Strategy Outdoor AHU Discharge Temperature Ventilation (minimum) air flow rate

13. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 13 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings HVAC Scheduling AHU Schedule Adjustment Optimal Start Optimal Stop Exhaust Fan Schedule /Coordination Pump Staging and Scheduling Energy Saving Control Measures

14. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 14 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings Zone Equip., T-stat, and Air Distribution Server Room Equipment Coordination Thermostat Set points and Dead-bands VAV box mode configuration Minimum VAV airflow fraction Night Setback Energy Saving Control Measures

15. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 15 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings Ventilation, Infiltration and Heat Recovery OAHU coil and wheel control Minimum outdoor-air damper scheduling Ventilation (minimum) air flow rate Demand Control Ventilation Building Pressurization Control Energy Saving Control Measures

16. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 16 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings Chilled Water Plant Control Chilled Water Temperature Reset Chilled Water Differential Pressure Reset Condenser Water Temperature Reset Chiller and coil lockouts Chiller Staging Energy Saving Control Measures

17. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 17 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings Heating Plant Control Hot Water Differential Pressure Reset Hot Water Temperature Reset Boiler Lockouts Isolation Valves Energy Saving Control Measures

18. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 18 341 total measures (59 unique measures) recommended at 39 buildings Lighting Schedules and De-lamping Other Domestic Hot Water Faulty Valves Snowmelt Sensor Calibration Pneumatic Compressor Energy Saving Control Measures

19. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 39 buildings analyzed Average building: 14.4% total predicted savings(all measures) Engineering estimates, TMY analysis, building energy models (BEMs) 19 Where are the Opportunities? Average Predicted Savings

20. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 27 buildings analyzed Estimates based on predicted savings by measure, verification of measure implementation, and monitoring of 12-month energy savings. 20 Most Impactful Measures: Estimated Share of Total Achieved Savings

21. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade 21 Quantifying Energy Savings Using Interval metered-data whenever possible (most cases), monthly utility data when not possible Data “cleaned” to remove meter outages and unreliable data. Post-site visit data at each meter interval matched to average of pre-site visit data at same hour of day, same day type (weekday/weekend) and similar OA temperature Verification that savings patterns in interval meter data match savings in monthly utility data

22. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Verified Energy Savings 26 Buildings Median Savings: 12.7% (9.7% electricity, 17.7% gas/steam) Wide spectrum of heating meter savings Electricity savings very commonly in 5-10% range. 22

23. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Verified Energy Cost Savings Median Savings: $0.127 per square foot per year 2/3 of buildings saved between 5 and 15 cents per square foot per year 23

24. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Persistence of Savings Four Buildings suitable for long-term analysis In all 4 buildings, savings has not deviated substantially after year 1. 24

25. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Persistence of Savings PNNL Reports Savings based on an analysis of “ION” system sub- metered data using a 6-month monitoring period Validating with utility monthly data, corrected for weather, savings has increased slightly (on average) each year, relative to original ION-reported savings. 25

26. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Factors that Promote Cost Effective Re-Tuning Building size matters! We have consistently achieved simple payback periods under 2 years when buildings are over 100,000 sf. 26 Minimum expected payback time?

27. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Factors that Promote Cost Effective Re-Tuning Initial Energy Efficiency of building (using Energy Star score) Energy Star scores a building relative to similar buildings in similar climate. 50 is average. 0 is worst building in cohort, 100 is best building in cohort – Not a strong correlation BUT… – For Energy Star scores 80 or below, 6/6 achieved >10% savings – For Energy Star scores above 80, 8/17 achieved <10% savings – Yet 3 buildings with initial scores over 90 saved between 18-25% 27

28. Energy Exchange : Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade Factors that Promote Cost Effective Re-Tuning Factors that we observe promote success – Presence of variable speed drives, especially on fans – Advanced controls (resets, Optimal Start, etc.) NOT already in place – Direct Digital Control (DDC) as opposed to pneumatic systems – Modern, updated Building Automation System – Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems with energy recovery (commonly lack advanced controls for optimization) – Strong leaders within region who advocate for energy efficiency and/or have mechanical and controls expertise Region 6 (very strong support): 72/96 measures implemented (75%) Other regions visited: 81/125 measures implemented (65%) – Building property managers and O&M staff willing to experiment! 28

29. Phoenix Convention Center Phoenix, Arizona THANK YOU!! -- QUESTIONS? Nick Fernandez Nick.fernandez@pnnl.gov Linda Baschnagel Linda.baschnagel@gsa.gov