1. Nail Care

2. Implements Metal pusher Nail nipper Tweezers Nail clippers Microtrauma
Multiuse implements
Single-use implements
Metal pusher
Nail nipper
Tweezers
Nail clippers
Microtrauma
Brushes and applicators
Wooden pusher
Nail Brush
multiuse implements- these implements are generally stainless steel. These implements can be used more than once and as long as they are properly cleaned and disinfected between each client.
Single use implement- these are also known as disposable implements and can be only used once
Metal pusher- also know as the cuticle pusher. It Is uses to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate
It is not to be used to push back the eponychium (living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area)
Nail nipper- stainless steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails.
Tweezers- a small instrument used for plucking out hairs and picking up small objects.
A nail clipper (also called a nail trimmer or nail cutter) is a hand tool used to trim fingernails, toenails and hangnails.
When clipping nails clip from the sides towards the center of the nail in order to prevent splitting
Improper use of these tools can cause microtrauma which is microscopic trauma or injury to the tissues. This can lead to infections in the skin because the are unseen and they allow microbes to enter the skin.
Single use implements are tools that can be used only once
Brushes and applicators- brushes used to apply mask, applicators used to scoop product out of a container to the skin. If these items are unable to be properly disinfected according to state laws then they must be discarded.
Wooden pusher- used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate and to clean under the free edge of the nail

3. Materials needed for a manicure
Gloves
Dust mask
Abrasive nail files and buffers
Two way or three-way buffer
Single use or terry cloth towel
Gauze, cotton balls or plastic-backed pads
Plastic or metal spatulas
Gloves are personal protective equipment worn to protect the nail technician from microbes. Osha recommends nitrile to prevent the absorption of chemicals into the skin. For each client a new pair of gloves must be worn. Be sure to wash your hands after each service and before putting on a new pair of gloves
Dust masks are to be used when transferring chemicals to a new container or when buffing and filing nails
Abrasive nail files and buffers are usually single use items and they are available in many different types of grits. The lower the grit is the more aggressive its action is however they can be damaging to natural nails. Medium grit abrasives are use to smooth and refine surfaces and can be used to shorten and shape natural nails. Fine-grit abrasives are used for buffing, polishing and removing very fine scratches
Cloth towels must be sanitized between clients and paper towels must be thrown away after each use. White terry cloth towels are recommended because they can be bleached allowing them to look cleaner for longer.
Gauze, cotton balls or plastic backed pads are often used to remove nail polish. The plastic backed pads help protect your fingers from excessive drying that can be caused by over use of solvents.
Plastic or metal spatulas must be used for removing products from their containers to prevent contamination of the products and spread of disease.

4. Professional nail products needed
Soap
Polish remover
Nail creams, lotions and oils
Cuticle removers
Nail bleach
Colored polish, enamel, lacquer or varnish
Gel polish products
Base coats
Nail hardener
Top coat
Nail polish dryer
Hand creams and lotions
Nail conditioners
Sunscreens
Soap is used to clean the cosmetologists and clients hands before service begins. Soap is used as a infection control tool during the preservice
There are two types of polish removers that can be used. Type 1 is acetone which is a colorless, inflammable liquid, containing water, alcohol and ether and is used as a solvent.
The second type of polish remover is non-acetone based when compared to acetone based removers it doesn't dissolve polish as well. Both products can be very drying to the skin and cuticle so it is important to take measures when using these.
Nail cream, lotions and oils are designed to soften dry skin around the nail plate and to increase the flexibility of natural nails
Cuticle removers are designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue on the nail plate so that this tissue can be more easily removed from the nail plate. These products are caustic and can be very damaging to the skin surrounding the nail plate. Excessive exposure to these products can lead to hang nails causing damage to the eponychium
Nail bleach are used on the nail plate and under the free edge in order to remove yellow surface discoloration or stains. These should be applied with a cotton tipped wooden pusher
Colored polish enamel lacquer or varnish are all colored coatings applied to the nail plate and there are no real differences between the products.
Gel polish products is a form of nail color that lasts 10 to 21 days. This product is developed specifically for natural nails. These polishes are dried under UV or LED lamp and require a light cured base coat and topcoat
Base coats- create a colorless layer on the natural nail and promotes the adhesion of polish. It also prevents the polish from staining the clients nails
Nail hardener are used to improve the surface hardness or durability of weak or thin nail plates. These can be applied before the base coat or after as a top coat
protein hardeners is a combo of clear polish and protein. Another type of hardener is dimethyl urea which is used to add crosslinks and doesn’t over harden the nails. The provide a clear hard coating on the surface of the nail but do not change or affect the nail plate. The products cant be applied to already rigid or brittle and splitting nails.
Top coats are applied over colored polish to prevent chipping and to add a shine to the finished nail.
Nail polish dryer products are designed to be used as a topcoat to create a faster drying process. They can be applied with a dropper, brush or sprayed onto the nail.
Hand creams and lotions soften and smooth the hands.
Nail conditioners contain ingredients to reduce brittleness of the nail.
Sunscreens are lotions that protect the skin from uv radiation

5. Basic nail shapes Square Squoval Round Oval Pointed
The square nail is completely straight across the free edge with no rounding at the outside edges.
The squoval nail has a square free edge that is rounded off at the corner edges.
The round nail should be slightly tapered and usually should extend just a bit past the fingertip
The oval nail is a conservative nail shape that is thought to be attractive on most women’s hands. It is similar to a squaoval nail with even more rounded corners.
The pointed nail is suited to thin hands with long fingers and narrow nail beds. The nail is tapered and longer than usual to emphasize and enhance the slender appearance of the hand. This nail shape is weaker and can break easier. This shape isn't very suitable for the natural nails.

6. Nail polish application
Use four coats
1- base coat
2- polish coat
3-polish coat
4- top coat

7. Nail Art French manicure Color fading Color blocking Marbleizing
Stylus
Embellishments
3-D art
The French manicure is the most popular nail art technique. You can spice up this technique with embellishments and various designs.
Color fading is when one color fades into the other and the meeting point is a combination of the two. This can be achieved by applying the product more thickly and opaquely and then using the product more thinly and translucently when meeting the other color.
Color blocking is the blocking or sectioning of color on the nail. This look is achieved by polishing the entire nail with a base color and then creating stripes or blocks with another color.
Marbleizing is swirled effect created when you combine two or more colors while wet and then mix them on the nail with a marbleizing tool which is known as a stylus.
The stylus is a tool that has multiple uses because of its design. The stylus has rounded ball tips which can be used to create polka dots, eyes bubbles and much more
3d art is created using liquid monomer or polymer powder.

8. Massage Effleurage Friction Petrissage/kneading Tapotetment vibration
The following movements are generally used when giving a massage during a basic manicure.
Effleurage is a succession of strokes in which the hand glides over certain areas of the body with different degrees of pressure.
Petrissage is also know kneading. Which is the lifting, squeezing and pressing of tissues
Tapotement is a rapid tapping or striking motion of the hands against the skin.
Vibration is a continous trembling or shaking movement applied by the hand without leaving contact with the skin.

9. Man’s manicure service
Men’s nail shapes
Men’s massage
Men’s basic color
Men generally prefer short rounded nails
Men love the massage portion of the manicure and prefer a firmer effleurage which is the result from firm finger movements and longer firmer slides.
Men tend to prefer buffed nails clear gloss or a dull clear satin coating.

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