1. 6 November 2003 THE HUNGARIAN DEFENSE REVIEW AND DEFENSE REFORM Colonel Gabor Nagy Deputy Chief for Integration, HU MoD Defense Staff

2. 2 Background Changing strategic security environment (11 September, Prague Summit, NATO enlargement credible ally) Loss of credibility and reliability in the Alliance Growing gap between allied obligations and delivered military capabilities The current force structure is unaffordable Recognition of incoherence in plans –Increasing cost of overheads –Limited support costs to deliver military capability

3. 3 Main objectives The vision: „To qualitatively contribute to the Euro- Atlantic peace and security” To balance the new security policy challenges and available resources To deliver a properly costed 10 year plan To develop realistic, affordable, required military capabilities To transform to all volunteer forces

4. 4 The ten-step process 1. Agree Foreign and Security Policy objectives (based on threat analysis) 2. Agree Defence Objectives 3.Agree Military Missions and Tasks 4.Agree Planning Assumptions 5.Identify Required Military Capabilities 6.Identify the full implications 7.Develop credible and robust costing 8.Identify options 9.Decide on priorities 10.Allocation of resources and finalisation of Master Plan

5. 5 Basic assumptions Threats: –No strategic attack on NATO in 15-20 years –No conventional attack on Hungary in 5-10 years Potential threats –Regional instability, South-East Europe, East Europe, Mediterranean, –Terrorism, –Proliferation WMDs, their components, precursors, delivery means, illegal arms trade Risks –Illegal and mass migration, organized crime, drugs-trade, environmental and other risks

6. 6 1. NATO Article 5 Operations 1.1. Home defense 1.2. Common defense, assisting other member state 1.3. Common defense, against strategic attack on NATO 2.Border security 3.Host Nation Support 4. Participation in international crisis management, peace operations 4.1. Peace support operations (military observer missions) 4.2. Peacekeeping operations 4.3. Peace enforcement operations 5.Participation in international crisis management, other international operations. 6.Other non-war-fighting operations e.g. Fighting against terrorism 7.Bilateral, multilateral co-operation 8.International treaties, arms control 9.Humanitarian assistance 10.Information collection, processing and security 11. Assistance for civil authorities 11.1. Disaster relief 11.2. Explosive Ordnance Disposal 11.3. Search and Rescue 11.4. State of Emergency tasks 12.Air Policing 13.Frequency Management 14. Protocol Tasks of the Hungarian Defense Forces

7. 7 Level of ambition Hometasks Host Nation Support Air bases Bridging CBNR Military hospitals Logistics Security (guard) forces Ceremonial, moral Ceremonial battalion Military music Home defense tasks the whole armed forces Border security Brigade HQ Battalion task force Combat helos Artillery GBAD Air policing Air C2 Radars Fighters STO Infrastructure Assist civilian authorities EOD SAR

8. 8 Level of ambition Operationsabroad NATO Article 5, EU operations, deployment with all CS and CSS elements Specialization One shot no rotation Four combat helos Four Gripens for Air-to- Ground tasks MP battalion Water purification coy Bridging battalion One brigade, no rotation, one shot Two battalion size forces, max 1600 persons, A-B-C rotation „Niche capabilities” (Med, CIMIC, CBNR, SOF)

9. 9 Force development considerations Not territorial defense – but collective security Operations in Allied (International) Coalition – expeditionary forces Modular, multifunctional, flexible Number of existing deployable combat elements will be increasing gradually Combat support and combat service support capabilities will be enhancing Complementary force development, strategic lift, air refueling, theatre intelligence (AGS), theatre air defense on Alliance/international basis GDP share from 2006 1,81 % Focus on Alliance shortfalls (bridging, MP, water purification) Focus on „Niche” capabilities (medical, CIMIC, NBC, SOF) Replace old, obsolete WP equipment with NATO compatible systems Corps level support artillery, EW, AIFVs eliminated, MBTs downsized, Retain military capabilities justified by the level of ambition Transition, modernization, all volunteer forces projects going in parallel

10. 10 The force structure Land Forces 2 light infantry brigades, with CS, CSS elements SOF battalion Reconnaissance battalion, long range recce included Engineer brigade, bridging and water purification capabilities included Tank battalion NBC battalion Logistic regiment Basic training center Land Forces 2 light infantry brigades, with CS, CSS elements SOF battalion Reconnaissance battalion, long range recce included Engineer brigade, bridging and water purification capabilities included Tank battalion NBC battalion Logistic regiment Basic training center Air Force Air Base (MOB), all fix- winged assets, GRIPEN (MiG-29 until 2009) transport, training aircraft Air Base (MOB) reserve Helicopter Base, Mi-24, Mi-8/17, support and logistic elements Ground Air Defense Brigade (KUB+MISTRAL) C2, support and logistic elements Air Surveillance Regiment Air Command Center Support battalion Air Force Air Base (MOB), all fix- winged assets, GRIPEN (MiG-29 until 2009) transport, training aircraft Air Base (MOB) reserve Helicopter Base, Mi-24, Mi-8/17, support and logistic elements Ground Air Defense Brigade (KUB+MISTRAL) C2, support and logistic elements Air Surveillance Regiment Air Command Center Support battalion Logistics General Logistic Support Supply Group Dangerous Materiel Supply Group Support Regiment Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Flotilla Regiment Movement Coordination Centre Printing Office METEO Service Mapping Service CIMIC Equipment Surplus Storage Facility (Nyírtelek) Logistics General Logistic Support Supply Group Dangerous Materiel Supply Group Support Regiment Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Flotilla Regiment Movement Coordination Centre Printing Office METEO Service Mapping Service CIMIC Equipment Surplus Storage Facility (Nyírtelek) Modular, multifunctional, flexible Remarkable increase of deployable elements Enhanced combat support (CS), combat service support (CSS)

11. 11 Equipment replacement policy TypeProcurementWithdrawal by 2006by 2013 T-72 MBT02380 BMP-1 AIFVreplaced with armoured wheeled vehicle490+12 BRM-1K0 BTR-80 APCNATO compatible modernization3000 D-20 152 mm gun-howitzer3080 BM-21 MLRS620 122 mm SP howitzerreplaced with 105 mm towed howitzer71 immediately, 82 by 20060 Mortars120 mm, 60 mm mortars Maljutka ATM1140 Konkursz ATMreplaced after 2010024 MiG-29 fighterreplaced with Gripen after 200513 (2003)14(2009) L-39 trainer aircraftbuying flight hours after withdrawal36 (2009) JAK-52 primary trainer aircraft39 (2009) Mi-24 SAHNATO compatible maintenance and modernization180 Mi-8 CSHMi-17 maintenance and procurement260 KUB GBADexamine procurement possibility new GBAD systems40 Ammunitionform necessary sustainment packages30 000 tons+ ? + Ongoing vehicle program, signal program, individual equipment program

12. 12 Principles for personnel transfers Actual strength: 42 000 (authorization 44 400) Conscripts: 9100 (authorization 7800) Planned authorizations: 2006 2010 2013 MH 30 00028 00026 500 HM 5 000 4 000 3 500 Σ 35 00032 00030 000 Quality retention principles: –Outstanding evaluation/progress report and performance; –Required military education, skills + qualifications –Foreign languages (high level or STANAG) –Education abroad or service abroad –Various professional experiences, unit-level-service experiences –Computer user skills –Doctor’s degree –Passed PT tests –Health status –Special knowledge, skills

13. 13 Social and economic affects Base closures, purchasing power, demand for goods and commodities are decreasing in the area Family transfers free up jobs, school- and childcare places in the abandoned garrison, but appear as new demands elsewhere Locally hired employees are loosing their job Employment redundant personnel requires coordination Equipment development, modernization resources are limited, forced elimination of military capabilities 10-15 thousand personnel decrease in ten years, unavoidable base closures, cautious dialogue with municipalities is crucial Growing equipment surplus, sale, recycling, destruction required

14. 14 What we might win? By 2006 9 NATO-compatible, manned, equipped, deployable, flexible, trained, and willing infantry battalions (of which one is reconnaissance and another one is ranger type SOF) Modern fighters, 3D radars, modernized and/or new combat and transport helicopters Specialization (water purification, bridging, military police) Meet important allied requirements (NRF, FP-2004, PCC ) Advanced modernization (organizational, operational, equipment)  Extended, enhanced fire power  Increased deployability  More simple sustainment In line with NATO instructions Based on existing capabilities, progresses Decrease affects on personnel (capability loss by transfer to another garrison) More simple, effective recruitment system Balanced resource plan

15. 15 How to proceed? Government decision 24 Sep 2003 Draft the ten-year-plan Programming all ten-year-plan elements Prepare and distribute TOEs Revise 2004-2006 budget plan (Done) Brief parliamentary parties, factions Continue discussions with municipalities NATO trilateral in November (FP-2004) Present proposals to amend defense-related Parliamentary resolutions (Fall)

16. „To qualitatively contribute to the Euro-Atlantic peace and security”