1. AFCEA Northern Virginia
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Brigadier General
Mark O. Schissler
Director, Cyberspace Operations
HQ United States Air Force
AFCEA Northern Virginia
UNCLASSIFIED

2. AF Intent in Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
AF Intent in Cyberspace
AF recognizes cyberspace as a warfighting domain in which DoD must maintain dominance for our Nation
Building new competencies to support joint fight
Cyber Weapon Systems and Cyber operators
Partnerships with stakeholders
Total force opportunity
AFCYBER(P) Command laying foundation for a permanent command focused on global cyberspace operations
“No future war will be won without air, space, and cyberspace superiority.” -Gen. Moseley
UNCLASSIFIED

3. R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Converging Future
A domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures
EMS Electronics
As of: 28 Mar 08
UNCLASSIFIED

4. Cyberspace connects the world
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
By the Numbers
183B s a day
280B gigabytes of data/year
$25-100B per yr commercial espionage cost
Virus count exploding
YouTube uploads 8 hrs of video every minute
New York Times
Cyberspace connects the world
UNCLASSIFIED

5. Growing Dependence on Electromagnetic Spectrum
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Growing Dependence on Electromagnetic Spectrum
FCC Spectrum Auctions
1975 Frequency Allocation Chart
2007 Frequency Allocation Chart
“Right now we get into situations where we jam against improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and it corrupts our radio traffic [and] some line-of-sight UAV operations…It’s tough. “
Gen Ronald E. Keys
Aviation Week & Space Technology, Jan 29, 2007
UNCLASSIFIED

6. Threat & Risk . . . December 1998 – January 2003
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Threat & Risk . . .
December 1998 – January 2003
Cyber activity from low-moderately skilled individuals
Hackers, Script kiddies, Criminals
Nation States
Non-State Actors
Physical destruction
Forces of Nature
February 2003 – Present
Skilled / organized actors (state & non-state sponsored)
DoD and Federal Networks
Defense Industrial Base
GIG Mission Assurance
“Our freedom to use cyberspace is threatened by the actions of criminals, terrorists, and nations alike. Each seeks their own form of unique advantage, be it financial, political, or military, but together they threaten our freedom to embrace the opportunity offered by a globally connected and flattened world.”
Gen Cartwright , 21 Mar 07
UNCLASSIFIED

7. Cyber brings Cross-Domain Capability
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Targets:
IADS
Control Systems
Tactical Comms
Info Systems
SATCOM
Global effects at the speed of sound…global effects at the speed of light
UNCLASSIFIED

8. AF Objectives in Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
AF Objectives in Cyberspace
Provide robust, cyberwarfare capabilities to the Joint Warfighter
Defend AF portion of military cyberspace
Be a lead service for support to JTF-Global Network Operations
Be the service of choice for conducting intelligence and forensic analysis for cyberspace superiority
Have the capacity to extend cyberspace any where the joint warfighter operates
Cyber superiority ensures freedom of action in all domains and denies freedom of action to adversaries
UNCLASSIFIED

9. The National Imperative
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
The National Imperative
“Attacks on Critical Infrastructure could significantly disrupt the functioning of government and business alike and produce cascading effects far beyond the targeted sector and physical location of the incident.”
2007 National Infrastructure Protection Plan
UNCLASSIFIED

10. Total Force Commitment to Transformation
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Way Ahead
Stand Up AFCYBER
Establish Career Field
Author Doctrine
Expand Cyber Education
Utilize Cyber Red Teaming
Work with Industry
Total Force Commitment to Transformation
UNCLASSIFIED

11. R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
UNCLASSIFIED

12. AF Cyberspace Operations Directorate HQ United States Air Force
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
AF Cyberspace Operations Directorate
HQ United States Air Force
UNCLASSIFIED

13. Classified Update on Current Ops
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Classified Update on Current Ops
UNCLASSIFIED

14. – to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Overview
The Cyberspace Domain
Current Operations
US Air Force in Cyberspace
The mission of the United States Air Force is to deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests
– to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
UNCLASSIFIED

15. Take Aways Roles and Missions Debate On-Going
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Take Aways
Roles and Missions Debate On-Going
Potential for new unified command
Potential for the AF to play a leading role
Are we ready to lead the fight or do we want to be a body pool?
UNCLASSIFIED

16. AF Intent in Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
AF Intent in Cyberspace
AF recognizes cyberspace as a warfighting domain
Electronic Warfare
Network Warfare
Building new competencies to support joint fight
Cyber Weapon Systems and Cyber operators
Partnerships with stakeholders
Total Force Opportunity
AFCYBER Command (P) laying foundation for a permanent command focused on global cyberspace operations
“No future war will be won without air, space, and cyberspace superiority.” -Gen. Moseley
UNCLASSIFIED

17. Speed, Range, and Flexibility
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Why the AF?
World class C2 capability
Culture of Innovation and Transformation
AF has fielded capabilities to hold the adversary at risk in and through cyberspace in a diverse manner
AF dependence on Cyberspace for Air and Space Superiority
Cyberspace is a global, strategic commons
Speed, Range, and Flexibility
UNCLASSIFIED

18. “Fly & Fight” in Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
“Fly & Fight” in Cyberspace
Hold Adversary At Risk Across All Domains
Airborne-based cyber attack (electronic and all network classes)
Ground-based cyber attack (electronic and network classes) Operational Prep of the Battlespace (OPB)
Influence Operations through cyberspace
Ensure Freedom Of Maneuver
Cyber defensive ops
Electronic protection
Prioritized cyber function defense plan
Threat analysis and OPB (airborne, ground)
Command And Control
Situational awareness across entire cyber domain
Operational risk assessment and mission assurance
C2 cyber combat operations from the AOC
Cyberspace control authority responsibilities
Bandwidth & Spectrum management
Cyber Ops
WARFIGHTING
Cyberspace is a Warfighting Domain:
Requires operations to Attack, Exploit, Defend and Sustain
Ref: “The Fifth Dimension: Cyberspace”, Lt Gen Bob Elder (8AF/CC) 16 Jul 2007
UNCLASSIFIED

19. Nature of the Threat December 1998 – January 2003
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Nature of the Threat
The Cyber Threat
December 1998 – January 2003
Most activity from moderately skilled individuals
Hackers, Script kiddies, Criminals
Nation States
Non-State Actors
Physical destruction
Forces of Nature
February 2003 – Present
Skilled / organized actors (possibly state-sponsored)
DoD and Federal Networks
Defense Industrial Base
GIG Mission Assurance
Estonia
“Our freedom to use cyberspace is threatened by the actions of criminals, terrorists, and nations alike. Each seeks their own form of unique advantage, be it financial, political, or military, but together they threaten our freedom to embrace the opportunity offered by a globally connected and flattened world.”
Gen Cartwright , 21 Mar 07
UNCLASSIFIED

20. Cyber / IO Relationship
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
US Air Force in Cyberspace
Cyber / IO Relationship
Cyber is a place, like other physical domains, where many missions occur
Used to “store, modify, exchange” data
Information Operations are missions relating to protecting friendly information and affecting adversary information (regardless of means)
Network Warfare Operations (Net Attack, Net Defense)
Electronic Warfare (EA, EP, ES)
Influence Operations (PSYOP, MILDEC, OPSEC)
Fundamental difference, but direct relationship
IO occurs in/through all three domains: Air, Space, Cyberspace
Many missions necessary for “Cyber Superiority”
Network Warfare Operations
EW (including space EW)
Network Operations (maintenance)
Influence Operations
Intelligence
“Cyber” does not replace “IO”
UNCLASSIFIED

21. MAJCOM Phase I USAF SAF/XC AFCYBER 6xx AOC xx AF AFIOC xx EW WG 67 NWW
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
MAJCOM Phase I
USAF
Gaining Cmd
AFCYBER
SAF/XC
ADCON
New/Accelerated
Dual Hatted
AFCYBER/CV
AFNETOPS/CC
AFFMA
Spectrum Mgt
Dual Hatted
xx AF
AFNOC
6xx AOC C2
AFIOC
xx EW WG
xx Cyberspace WG
67 NWW
UNCLASSIFIED

22. Preparing for Tomorrow’s Challenges AF Cyberspace Leaders
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Preparing for Tomorrow’s Challenges AF Cyberspace Leaders
Complete coordination of Cyberspace Force
Development Roadmap Apr 2008
Submit Cyberspace Force Development ‘Roadmap’
for CSAF/SecAF Sig Apr 2008
Submit Cyberspace Tech Center of Excellence Charter
for SecAF approval, establishment Apr 2008
Develop, Complete Cyberspace Force Development
Roadmap Implementation Plan May 2008
Early Force Transitions (1B1, 1B2) FY09
Begin Development of AETC Cyber Courses FY10
Begin AETC Cyber Course Instruction (new accessions) FY11
UNCLASSIFIED

23. Cyberspace Doctrine AF Doctrine Working Group met 30-31 Oct
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Cyberspace Doctrine
AF Doctrine Working Group met Oct
Bottomline AFDD 2-x draft release in Jan 2008
Air University hosting Cyberspace Symposium 31 Mar – 4 Apr
Symposium to review/refine topline draft (release in May)
Decision if AFDD 2-X is to be a keystone or sub publication
Joint Doctrine: formal assessment of JP 3-13 begins May 2008
First opportunity to influence joint doctrine development
Engaged with development of USSTRATCOM’s Operational Concept for Operations in Cyberspace
Tasked by the NMS-CO Implementation Plan
UNCLASSIFIED

24. The world is interconnected
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
Flattening the Earth
Wireless and cell phone usage in Africa exploding
50% of intra-Asian Internet traffic flows through the US
YouTube uploading 8 hours of video every minute
New York Times
The world is interconnected
UNCLASSIFIED

25. National Guidance 2003 National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace
R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007
National Guidance
2003 National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace
2004 National Military Strategy
2006 Quadrennial Defense Review
2006 NMS for Cyberspace Operations
2007 National Infrastructure Protection Plan
2007 National Strategy for Homeland Security
2008 National Security Policy Directive 54
UNCLASSIFIED