1. Linking Open Data with Location: Gazetteers and the Semantic Web Xavier Lopez, Director, Product Management

2. Overview Linked Open Data (LOD) Concepts Role of Gazetteers in LOD Interconnected Web of Content Towards Geospatial Knowledge Management

3. “A method of publishing structured data, so that it can be interlinked and become more useful” Wikipedia Linked Data

4. Linked Open Data – The Opportunity Manage relationships for massive collections of structured and unstructured data Flexible and extensible data model supports powerful search and end- user discovery of related content Enable users to define their social networks or communities based on common interests, subjects, image scenes, locations, etc. Rich platform for data integration, data repurposing, and better quality control and classification Tactical, non-invasive, iterative solution for strategic modernization Semantic Aggregation & Navigation of Data

5. Simple Linked Data Architecture User (Reasoning/Inferencing) Engine Data Ontologies Domain & Task Ontologies Query & results Data Sources

6. Linked Open Data Cloud (2008)

7. Linked Open Data Cloud (2010)

8. Resource Description Framework (RDF) RDF is a general framework for describing a Web site's metadata, or the information about the information on the site. It provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. W3Cmetadataapplications

9. Modeling: A FOAF Example

10. Gazetteers and Linked Open Data Services Provide common terms (place names) to link across existing spatial data resources Enable consolidated view across the map layers Reconcile differences in data semantics so that they can all “talk”and interoperate Resolving semantic discrepancies across databases gazetteers and applications Integrate full breath of enterprise content continuum (structured, spatial, email, documents, web services)

11. Modeling: Enterprise Integration Ordnance Survey maintains definitive mapping data of Great Britain, the world’s largest and most detailed Geo DB Semantic Web is used to integrate different, semantically diverse sources of data General ontologies already developed to bridge differences in terminology The data is queried efficiently via the ontology or RDF Advantages include efficient data integration, data repurposing, and better quality control and classification Source: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/

12. From Linked Data to Knowledge Management

13. Knowledge Management Conditions Filtering search queries with “context” Discovery of data relationships across… Structured data (database, apps, web services, RSS schemas) Unstructured data (email, office documents) Queries are not defined in advance Schemas are continuously evolving Support Machine2Machine interaction Location can be common link, along with names, concepts, synonyms

14. What Can Linked Data Enable? Mapping & GeotaggingSocial Network Relations Rule-based Reasoning Analysis of Complex Relations

15. Ontology-driven Map Apps Simple Features GeoRaster Topology Networks Gazateers … RDF & OWL Data Situational Awareness Theater National Map Core Datasets Targeting SpatialData GeographicNames RasterData Data Integration National Map schemas Geographic names Temporal Naïve Geography … Application Ontologies

16. We need to associate a number of factors, including hospital type and facilities – its accessibility after a disaster – and the staff available The query needs to be structured based on Concepts & Relationships that can be retrieved and then customized for the specific query. Using this approach, a listing of the hospitals capable of dealing with large number of burn cases is returned to the user and information associated with the query retrieved. A “Simple” Knowledge Query Which hospitals within 30 mins of Alpine, CA provide burn treatment?”

17. “Typical” Analyst Query: “Which hospitals within 30 mins of Alpine, CA provide burn treatment?” Buffer or proximity? Driving or Flying? Road Closures? Where is this? Centroid or outline? Feature Reference Type? What does this mean? Definition?

18. Ontologies for Problem Solving Hospital A&E Type Size Route Roads Specialists Treatment Location Illness Burns Emergency Team Vehicles Type Duty Rota Burns Unit Beds Weather Obstructions Helipad Flood Hazards Skin Graft

19. Storage & Loading Native W3C RDF graph data store Fast Bulk, batch & Incremental load Query SQL: SEM_MATCH graph pattern query SPARQL: supported via Jena plug-in Reasoning RDF, OWL Prime, RDF++ semantic rules Forward chaining inference model User defined rule base Scalability Scales to billions of triples Partitioning, RAC, Adv. Compression Standards & Interoperability Aligned with W3C specifications Supported by leading semantic tools Oracle 11 g RDF/OWL Graph Data Management Structured DBMS, Unstructured, Spatial, RSS, email, Documents

20. Key semantic technologies are mature Semantic technologies are key enablers for enterprise and Web Reuse existing of authoritative gazetteers are needed Model the real world rather than data artifacts Conclusions

21. Find out more... oracle.com/database/spatial.html oracle.com/technology/products/spatial oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/htdocs/pro_oracle_spatial.html A Q &

22. Information Explosion Structured data stores are growing in size Amount of semi-structured data is expanding (XML, RDF, Semantics, Spatial) Metric data, beacons, sensors supplying mega volumes Unstructured data is gathered at a staggering pace (email, documents, messages, streams, feeds)

23. Modeling Domain Information

24. Resource Description Framework (RDF) RDF is a general framework for describing a Web site's metadata, or the information about the information on the site. It provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. W3Cmetadataapplications

25. Simple Transitive Reasoning :partOf rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty :California :partOf :USA :USA :partOf :NorthAmerica Asserted Facts :California :partOf :NorthAmerica Derived Facts :California :USA :NorthAmerica :partOf owl:TransitiveProperty rdf:type :partOf Query: SELECT ?x ?y FROM … WHERE { ?x :partOf ?y } Result: ?x______ ?y__________ :California :USA :California :NorthAmerica :USA :NorthAmerica

26. Integrated Bioinformatics Networks Source: Siderean Software

27. Text/Spatial Mining Workflow Information Extraction Categorization, Feature/term Extraction Web Resources News, Email, RSS Content Mgmt. Systems Processed Document Collection RDF/OWL Analyst Browsing, Presentation, Reporting, Visualization, Query SQL/SPARQL Query Explore Domain Specific Knowledge Base OWL Ontologies Ontology Engineering Modeling Process Spatial Data