1. 4.4 Egyptian Achievements
4.5 Ancient Kush

2. 1a. Hieroglyphics were the Egyptian form of writing.
1a. What are hieroglyphics? 1b. How was hieroglyphic writing different from writing today? From cuneiform used by Mesopotamia? 1c. Why was finding the Rosetta Stone so important to scholars?
1a. Hieroglyphics were the Egyptian form of writing.
1b. Hieroglyphic writing had 600 symbols, rather than the 26 symbols in our alphabet, could be written horizontally or vertically, left to right, or right to left, hieroglyphics represents sounds, rather than actual things.
1c. The Rosetta Stone allowed scholars to decipher hieroglyphics.

3. 2a. What were two ways Egyptians decorated their temples. 2b
2a. What were two ways Egyptians decorated their temples? 2b. Why were tombs filled with art, jewelry, and other treasures? 2c.Why do you think pharaohs like Ramses the Great built huge temples?
2a. They decorated the temples with columns, obelisks, paintings, hieroglyphics, and statues.
2b. The Egyptians believed that the dead enjoyed these items in the afterlife.
2c. They built huge temples to worship the gods and to display their power and wealth.

4. 4.5 Ancient Kush
The Kingdom of Kush, which arose south of Egypt in a land called Nubia, developed an advanced civilization with a large trading network.

5. 1a. Kush developed along the Nile River.
1a. On which river did Kush develop? 1b. How did Nubia’s natural resources influence the early history of Kush?
1a. Kush developed along the Nile River.
1b. Nubia’s natural resources were in demand in Egypt, so they helped Kush grow in wealth and power.

6. 2a. Who was Piankhi and why was he important in the history of Kush? 2b. What were some elements of Egyptian culture that became popular in Kush? 2c. Why is the 25th dynasty significant in the history of both Egypt and Kush?
2a. Piankhi is one of Kush’s most successful military leaders; he conquered Egypt.
2b. Egyptian culture that was popular in kush was speaking Egyptian, using Egyptian names, wearing Egyptian style clothing, and adopting Egyptian style religious practices.

7. 2c. The 25th dynasty because Kushite leaders ruled and restored many ancient Egyptian cultural practices and traditions.

8. 3a. What advantages did the location of Meroe offer to the Kushites? 3b. How were Kushite and Egyptian cultures similar?
3a. Advantages included nearby gold, ebony, and other wood, iron ore deposits.
3b. Kushite and Egyptian cultures had similar clothing and building styles, used title pharaoh, worshipped some similar gods, had some female rulers.

9. 4a. Aksum conquered Kush in AD 300.
4a. Who conquered Kush in the AD 300s? 4b. What was the impact of new trading routes on Kush?
4a. Aksum conquered Kush in AD 300.
4b. Kush was weakened by loss of trade.