1. PROTECTED AREAS OF ANTIGUA and BARBUDA Presented at the Leadership in Governance of Protected Areas Workshop Anguilla November 14 – 17, 2006 Dr. Reg Murphy: National Parks Authority Philmore James: Fisheries Division

2. Presentation Outline  Introduction  Existing PAs  Existing PA Governance Situation  PA Governance Goals  Desirable Changes in PA Governance  Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing PA Management Arrangements  Opportunities and Threats to PAs  Information Resources and Tools for Empowerment of Stakeholders  Outlook for the Future

3. Introduction  Total Land Area:442 km2 (Antigua: 280 km2, Barbuda: 160 km2, and Redonda: 2 km2).  1982: Established EEZ of 200 miles and  A 12-mile Territorial Sea.  Approximate Shelf Area:3568 km2.  Over 150 km of Coastline  An abundance of Coral Reef Structures, Sandy Beaches, Mangroves and Sea Grass Beds  A wealth of Historical, Cultural and Natural Monuments All Require Some Level of Protection Thus The Need for PA Governance

4. Existing Protected Areas Name of Protected AreaType (Marine/Terrestrial/Both) Size (Hectares) Diamond Reef/Salt Fish Tail Reef Restricted Area Marine2 000 Palaster Reef Restricted Area Marine500 North East Marine Management Area Both9 500 Cades Bay Marine ReserveBoth1813 Nelsons Dockyard National Park Both3108 Public Park at English Harbour Terrestrial279.4 Public Park at Long BayTerrestrial47.3 Codrington LagoonBoth3 600

5.  Several Agencies Involved  Agencies mandated by Different Legislations  Foci of Agencies Differ  Relatively Weak Cooperation / Collaboration National Parks Authority Fisheries Division Forestry Unit Development Control Authority Public Parks Commission Barbuda Local Gov’t Council Fisheries Act. I983 Marine Areas Act (1972): Forestry Act, 1941 National Parks Act, 1984 Public Parks Act. 1965 Physical Planning Act. 2003 Existing PA Governance Situation

6. PA Governance Goals  Management for Sustainability of Resources including preservation, protection, management and development of the natural physical and ecological resources and the historical and cultural heritage  Monitoring including Data Management  Aesthetics and Public Enjoyment  Scientific Study and Research

7. Desirable Changes in PA Governance  Need for a PA Capacity Assessment and Development  Development of a Workable National Policy Framework for PA  Establish a Centralised / Coordinating Institution for PA  Develop a Funding Mechanism for PA

8. Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing PA Management Arrangements Strengths Weaknesses  Legislations for PA Exist  Agencies Mandated to Develop and Manage PAs  Legislations are Piecemeal  Agencies Lack the Capacity to Manage PAs  Inadequate Monitoring and Data Management for PA  Most Agencies do not have budget allocations for PAs.

9. Opportunities and Threats of/to Existing PA Management Arrangements Opportunities Threats  Direct linkages created between sectors  Promotion/Advancement of objectives of International Conventions (e.g. Ramsar, CBD, Climate Change, etc.,)  Cooperation and sharing of information  Monitoring Changes in natural, social and economic conditions  Increase PEO Activities Natural  Droughts  Tropical Storms and Hurricanes  Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Man-made  Coastal Development  Inappropriate exploitation  Clearing of land for agriculture and housing development  Grass and bush fires

10. Information Resources and Tools for Empowerment of Stakeholders  Information Resources vary depending on the agency (Library, Practical Work Sessions, PEO Programmes, Research Projects, etc.)  Stakeholder Consultations during the establishment of some Pas  There is legal scope for direct management by Stakeholders

11. Outlook for the Future  An Increase in the Number, Extent and Types of PAs  An Integrated Approach is Recommended  A Systems Plan for PA is Currently Being Considered

12. The End Thanks For Your Attention ? ? ?