1. The Powder Keg of Europe
The Balkans
The Powder Keg of Europe

2. The Balkan Peninsula

3. The Balkans/Former Yugoslavia

4. History (500s) 500s-South Slavs migrate down the Balkan Peninsula
They each set up their own Kingdom
South Slavs
Bulgarians
Macedonians
Croats
Montenegrins
Slovenians
Serbs

5. History ( )
Ottoman Empire (Muslims) take over much of the Balkan states
Austria and Hungary ALSO take over some Balkan states
MAIN POINT: The balkan cultures change every time becoming more and more different with every change of power

6. Main point
The balkan cultures change every time becoming more and more different with every change of power
Examples: Under Muslim (Ottoman) rule, many Serbs clung to Christianity while many Bosnians converted to Islam.
The

7. History (1878)
Serbia breaks free from the Ottoman Empire

8. On the Eve of WW I (1914)

9. What was the spark that started WW I
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Invasion of France by Austria Hungary
Assassination of the President of the US
Invasion of England by France

10. The Black Hand Serbian group VERY Nationalistic
A secret society with the intent of reuniting all South Slavs territories and populations
RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WW I WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

11. After WW I
With the fall of the Austro Hungarian Empire at the end of WW I (1918)the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is formed
In 1929, renamed Yugoslavia

12. Read Communist Rule on page 320

13. During WW II, who invaded Yugoslavia
Germany
Russia US
Great Britain

14. The Croats cooperated with the Nazis ordering the massacre of who?
Russians
Polacks
Serbs
Jews

15. After the war a communist leader named Josef Stalin gained control.
True
False

16. Tito was a dictator who encouraged the Serbs to kill the Croats.
True
False

17. After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics
After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics. Which one of the following was NOT a republic of Yugoslavia?
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Macedonia
Kosovo
Serbia
Slovenia
Montenegro

18. Look at the map on page 322

19. Bosnia and Herzegovina contains Muslims, Croats and Serbs
True
False

20. Croatia only really has Croats living there.
True
False

21. There were Six republics in Yugoslavia, how many major culture groups are found there?3 4 5 6 7 8 9

22. JOSIP TITO DIES Tito dies in 1980
The Presidency starts to rotate among members from all over Yugoslavia

23. Slobodan Milosevic
Milosevic begins to propose the creation of a Greater Serbia including all Serbian territories (see page 322)

24. Who do you think would object to this idea?
Macedonians
Slovenia and Montenegro
Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina
Serbia

25. 1991…All hell starts to break loose

26. 1991…What happened??? Serbia blocked a Croat from becoming President
Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence and Serbia invades both republics
UN helps reach a cease fire in June 1992
(Both Croatia and Slovenia remain free)

27. March 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declare independence
Bosnian Muslims and Croats back the move but the Bosnian Serbs launched a war to stop it.
The Serbs attempted to destroy all Bosnian Muslims and Croats (Ethnic Cleansing)…more than 200,000 died

28. 1995
US sponsors peace negotiations and a peace treaty is signed…Bosnia Remains independent
United Streaming- Commander in Chief: Bill Clinton- July 1995, 700,000 killed in Balkan Massacre.

29. Also…in the 1990s
Milosevic wants to wipe out the Albanian Muslims in Kosovo because of historical ties to that land (Kosovo was a self-governing province)
The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed to fight for the independence of Kosovo. Milosevic begins campaign of ethnic cleansing against Albanians.

30. 1999
NATO starts to bomb Serbia to force them to stop fighting in Kosovo.
Milosevic withdraws and international officials find horrifying evidence that the Serbs had carried out tortures/massacres.

31. Fighting eventually stops
Vojislav Kostunica is elected to reform and rebuild Serbia and Montenegro (what was left of Yugoslavia)
Ethnic tensions still uneasy