1. Industrialization, Nationalism and Imperialism 1800-1870

2. Answer these Questions #1: When was the last day you used no technology? (TV, Cell Phone, Cars, Computers etc…) #2: What do you believe is the most important technological innovation in the recent years? #3: What does it mean when we say a country is “developed”? #4: What are examples of “underdeveloped” countries?

3. Conservatism In Europe Congress of Vienna –Principle of legitimacy rightful monarchs back to their thrones –Prince von Metternich architect of the Congress Concert of Europe –Allied powers would work in harmony to keep the peace and prevent one power from being too dominant. Europe after 1815 Conservatives hoped to return Europe to the pre- revolutionary days

4. Liberalism people should be free from government interference. government should be run by a constitution but NOT in favor of universal male suffrage. Only men of property should have the right to vote. Middle Class industrialists were the primary supporters Adam Smith Louis Philippe, Bourgeois King of France

5. Revolutions in Europe 1830 France: Bourbon Charles X is overthrown in favor of his cousin Louis Philippe [House of Orleans]. Louis Philippe rules France as the bourgeois King but is overthrown by socialist agitation in 1848 Austria and Prussia face growing revolts –Hungarians revolt against Austrian rule, Russia helps Austria put out the revolts. –German Congress in Frankfurt offers Prussian King the crown of a united Germany, He rejects it. Revolution in Prussia forces the king to grant a constitution.

6. 2 nd French Republic & Empire 1848 2 nd Republic –Louis Napoleon, Napoleon’s nephew is elected President in 1848. A –One 4 year term. –1852 coup; creates the 2 nd Empire crowning himself Napoleon III. 2 nd Empire 1852-70 – Beautified Paris and made it the city it is today. Napoleon III

7. I.Crimean War II.Italian Unification III.German Unification IV.Austria-Hungary and the Balkans

8. I. Crimean War (Russia Vs Ottoman Empire) - Breakdown of the Concert of Europe

9. II. Italian Unification Nationalism: - devotion and loyalty to one’s country or ethnic group Italy was dominated by Austria and France Kingdom of Piedmont –PM Camillo Cavour sided with France & Britain in the Crimean War in exchange for French support for Italian Unification –Giuseppe Garibaldi’s Red Shirts invaded S. Italy Unification of Italy 1850- 1870

10. II. Germany Unification Unification of Germany 1866-71 Prussian King Wilhem I Chancellor Otto von Bismarck –Architect of unification Greater Germany –A unified Germany including the Austrian Empire Lesser Germany –A unified Germany without Austria

11. German Unification: Bismarck’s Blood & Iron Austro-Prussian War of 1866 –Prussia defeated Austria in 6 weeks; eliminated Austria from interfering in German affairs –United Northern Germany with Prussia Franco-Prussian War of 1870 –Ems Telegram doctored by Bismarck to insult France –Prussia defeated France and resulted in German unification –Germany is unified in Jan 1871 –Germany takes Alsace- Lorraine from France The Unification of Germany 1862-1871

12. IV. Austria-Hungary Dual Monarchy Ethnic tension –Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs all demanding autonomy or independence Triple Monarchy? –Franz-Ferdinand: proposed a triple monarchy and self government for slavs. –Serbs saw this as a threat Europe 1877

13. Hapsburg Austria Franz Josef & Elizabeth The Hapsburg Curse –Eldest daughter died at Age 2 –Son Rudolf heir to throne supposedly committed suicide at age 30 in 1889 –Elisabeth assassinated in 1898 –Franz Ferdinand: Fran Josef’s nephew and heir after Rudolf’s death is assassinated in 1914

14. IV. The Balkans Europe’s Powder Keg Ottoman Domination & Collapse –Albania & Bosnian conversions to Islam –“The Sick Man of Europe” Russia Defender of Slavs and Eastern Orthodoxy Balkans 1878-1914

15. Nationalism: The Balkans Russia and Pan- Slavism –Russia considered itself the defender of Slavic speaking peoples Russo-Turkish War of 1877 –Russia defeated the Ottoman Turks Congress of Berlin 1878 –European powers feared Russian power sought to contain at this conference –Romania & Serbia gain independence –Bulgaria is autonomous –Bosnia-Herzegovina administered by Austria- Hungary Balkans 1878-1914

17. Imperialism Reasons for Imperialism –Economic: resources & markets –Strategic: bases for refueling –Prestige –White Man’s Burden” Africa –Only 2 independent nations by 1900 [Ethiopia and Liberia] Asia –French Indochina [Vietnam] –British Hong Kong, Singapore –Spheres of Influence in China

18. Imperialism Emergence of Japan –US Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853 opened Japan’s eyes to modern technology Meiji Restoration 1867 –Restored the monarchy and ended feudalism in Japan –Began a period of rapid modernization Sino-Japanese War 1895 –Seized Korea and Formosa [Taiwan] from China Russo-Japanese War 1905 –1 st time an Asia nation defeated a European

19. Imperialism & Germany Imperial Conflict –Germany was an economic and military powerhouse but a small empire –Bismarck’s advice to Kaiser Wilhelm II was to not pursue an Empire and maintain an alliance with Russia but Wilhelm ignored him and fired Bismarck in 1890 –Wilhelm II’s pursuit of an Empire and expansion of the Germany Navy led him into conflict with Britain and France

20. The Alliance System Triple Alliance –Germany –Austria-Hungary –Italy Triple Entente –Great Britain –France –Russia

21. The Powder Keg Explodes The Balkan Wars 1912- 1913 –1 st Balkan War Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece vs the Ottoman empire –2 nd Balkan War Serbia, Greece, Romania and the Ottoman Empire vs Bulgaria Assassination 1914 –Sarajevo, Bosnia Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Serbian terrorists and triggers WWI