1. 生化室 2014 级科硕 柳霞

2. abstract RAS proteins are essential components of signalling pathways that emanate from cell surface receptors. Oncogenic activation of these proteins owing to missense mutations is frequently detected in several types of cancer. A wealth of biochemical and genetic studies indicates that RAS proteins control a complex molecular circuitry that consists of a wide array of interconnecting pathways. In this Review, we describe how RAS oncogenes exploit their extensive signalling reach to affect multiple cellular processes that drive tumorigenesis.

3. Oncogenic activation – themes and variations RAS and the transformed phenotype Promotion of proliferation Suppression of apoptosis Metabolism Remodeling the microenvironment Evasion of the immune response Metastasis The road ahead

4. Figure 1. Frequency of mutations at G12, G13 and Q61 in RAS isoforms

8. Figure 2. RAS effects on proliferation

9. Figure 3. RAS effects on apoptosis

10. Figure 4. Effect of RAS on energy metabolism in cancer cells: generating macromolecular precursors

11. Figure 5. RAS and angiogenesis

12. Thank you for your attention!