1. Institute: ISE, group: PERG CCD USB 2.0 Camera for the Pi of The Sky Project Grzegorz Kasprowicz semester: T1EL-PE Cooperation with Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies dr hab. Grzegorz Wrochna

2. Project „  of the Sky” Motivation Search for optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts Investigate undocumented observations of point-like flashes in the sky Open a new window on the Universe - short time scale observations

3. Project „  of the Sky” Goals Observe non-stop almost all visible sky with a few seconds resolution Record sky images 15s before and after satellite GRB trigger Search for point-like flashes

4. Project „  of the Sky” Apparatus: 16 CCD cameras, 2000x2000 pixels each f=50mm lenses, each covering 35 o x35 o full frame (128 MB) readout every 6s real time processing of all data (trigger) remote operation, controlled over internet

5. Aim of the presented work General : building CCD Camera for the Pi of The Sky project In current semester :building a final version of camera

6. Specification: Sensor: Fairchild CCD442A USB 2.0 Interface Programmable readout time (1s-100s) 2048x2048 active pixels, 15x15um each 16 bit ADC Programmable exposure ( shutter) time (0.01...655s) MPP/BC mode Amplification (0..15dB e/ADU) Controller software upgrade via USB FPGA configuration upgrade via USB Peltier cooling of CCD Temperature measurement: CCD, case, ambient CCD temperature control Build in mechanical shutter Focusing motor control

7. Own work done in current semester: Building and testing prototype, based on MAX series PLD Building the final version of camera based on Cyclone series FPGA Designing and constructing a mechanical part of camera (case, shutter, cooling) – with help of my brother

8. Hardware structure of the project (part of all) - 16 identical cameras - USB HUB - cameras supply ( ~ 5W each) - cooling(Peltier cells) (~ 30W each) -common power supply(+7V,~17V) /100W -Common cooling supply +12V/500W - water radiator & fan -PC-cooling

9. II Prototype -Construction optymizing (electrical) -Testing USB transmission, developing USB controller & FPGA programms

10. Prototype control application „First light” - pinhole - visible readout noises, caused by digital circuits and not optimised connections Grayscale to color conversion used

11. CCD USB 2.0 Camera block diagram - USB interface - FPGA + config - DRAM - ADC+CDS - Video amplifier - Supply - CCD temperature control - motors drivers - CCD supply & drivers

12. Mechanical part of camera -Shutter made up with HDD linear motor, much cheaper than commercial solutions (500$) -tested endurance limit (over 150 hours,6 cycles per second) -Focusing motor -Case -Inactive gas outlet -Lenses -Cooling(in future will be used water block) -supply,motor and USB connectors -gas inlet -fixing

13. Final version Power supply board Top view Main board Side view

14. Final version Shuter,foc.motor Completed construction Completed construction „First shot”

15. Achieved results: Building and testing II protptype Building and testing final version of camera and one’s mechanical part Further plans: Implementation of more advanced algorithms, like Windowing, Drift Scan, Tracking is possible because configuration of camera takes about 5% of FPGA resources, and in this direction construction will be developed.