1. Vanessa Kinan

2. Introduction Increase in the consumption of energy-dense food + reduction in physical activity = OBESITY Appetite is regulated by multiple factors 1. the brain and various hormones 2. different types of external stimuli environmental psychological social cultural

3. Rationale How do increased amounts of physical activity (energy expenditure) and restrained eating (energy intake) effect appetite control thus decreasing an individuals overall energy intake?

4. Effects of acute exercise on appetite, energy intake, and energy balance Effects of chronic exercise on energy intake, energy balance, and body weight Effects of exercise on appetite control Effects of exercise on appetite-related hormones

5. Method 25 unrestrained, normal-weight sedentary individuals (11 male, 14 female) 6-week moderate- intensity exercise intervention Baseline and end of the intervention were examined Gave one group a high energy preload (HEP) and the other group a low energy preload (LEP) Measured the following 1.Energy intake (kJ) at a buffet lunch 1 hour after preload 2.Cumulative energy intake (kJ) over a 24 hour period after preload

6. Results Energy intake (kJ) at a buffet lunch 1 hour after preload Cumulative energy intake (kJ) over a 24 hour period after preload Solid = high energy preload (HEP) Dashed = low energy preload (LEP)

7. Healthy Men3 hour exercise vs. restingSignificant increase in fasting PP Male AthletesMarathon runningSignificant increase in fasting PP Non-obese Healthy Men and Women 45 min exercise, 30 min after 1780 kJ breakfast vs. resting Significant increase in postprandial levels of PP Normal Weight Sedentary Males 10wk exercise program (blood tests were taken before & after, fasting & after 1340 kJ breakfast) Slight increase in PP fasting levels and postprandial peak Athletes (Men and Women)Marathon runningSignificant increases in fasting GLP-1 and PP Physically Active Normal Weight Men Cycling until exhaustionSignificant increase in fasting CCK levels in relation to fasting (no effect on fasting CCK) Male Athletes2 hour treadmill run vs. resting Significant increase in fasting GLP-1 during exercise, but also during resting CCK: cholecystokinin; PP: pancreatic polypeptide; GLP-1: glucose like-peptide-1

8. Conclusions Exercise is beneficial both short-term and long-term. – Psychologically and physically “The beneficial impact of exercise on the energy balance equation is […] twofold, not only increasing energy expenditure but also modulating energy input.” This statement is important in encouraging people to become physically active long-term Further research can go more in depth and examine if certain types of exercises have more/ less of an effect Interesting, but still curious about details.