1. Biologically Important Molecules

2. There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are:  Carbohydrate

3. Biologically Important Molecules There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are:  Carbohydrate  Lipids

4. Biologically Important Molecules There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are:  Carbohydrate  Lipids  Proteins

5. Biologically Important Molecules There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are:  Carbohydrate  Lipids  Proteins &  Nucleic Acids

6. Biologically Important Molecules Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the primary elements in these compounds. Because they contain carbon they are classified as________ compounds.

7. Biologically Important Molecules Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the primary elements in these compounds. Because they contain carbon they are classified as Organic compounds.

8. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are always twice as many hydrogens as oxygen. There are three classes:  Monosaccharides

9. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are always twice as many hydrogens as oxygen. There are three classes:  Monosaccharides  Disaccharides  Polysaccharide

10. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules for the cell. There are many forms but the most common have the formula of C 6 H 12 O 6. Common examples are:  Glucose

11. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules for the cell. There are many forms but the most common have the formula of C 6 H 12 O 6. Common examples are:  Glucose  Fructose

12. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules for the cell. There are many forms but the most common have the formula of C 6 H 12 O 6. Common examples are:  Glucose  Fructose &  Galactose

13. Carbohydrates

14. They only differ in how the elements are arranged. These are called structural isomers. Monosaccharides are used as building blocks to make more complex carbohydrates.

15. Carbohydrates They only differ in how the elements are arranged. These are called structural isomers. Monosaccharides are used as building blocks to make more complex carbohydrates.

16. Carbohydrates Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides.

17. Carbohydrates Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides. The type of monosaccharides determines the type of disaccharide.

18. Carbohydrates Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides. The type of monosaccharides determines the type of disaccharide. All disaccharides are formed by the DEHYDRATION SYNHTESIS REACTION.

19. Carbohydrates Three common disaccharides are:  Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose

20. Carbohydrates Three common disaccharides are:  Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose  Lactose formed from glucose + galactose

21. Carbohydrates Three common disaccharides are:  Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose  Lactose formed from glucose + galactose  Maltose formed from glucose + glucose

22. Carbohydrates Three common disaccharides are:  Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose  Lactose formed from glucose and galactose  Maltose formed from glucose + glucose All are formed using the dehydration synthesis reaction and have the formula C 12 H 22 O 11.

23. Carbohydrates WAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Shouldn’t the formula be C 12 H 24 O 12 ?

24. Carbohydrates WAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Shouldn’t the formula be C 12 H 24 O 12 ? Dehydration means loss of water. C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6  C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O

25. Carbohydrates  Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose  Lactose formed from glucose and galactose  Maltose formed from glucose + glucose All are formed using the dehydration synthesis reaction and have the formula C 12 H 22 O 11.

26. Carbohydrates

27. Sucrose also known as table sugar is found in sugar cane.

28. Carbohydrates Lactose also known as milk sugar. Are you lactose intolerant?

29. Carbohydrates Maltose also known as malt sugar and is found in corn.

30. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides are composed primarily of glucose.

31. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides are composed primarily of glucose. There are four common types and they differ only in how the glucose molecules join together.

32. Carbohydrates Starch also known as amylose is found in plants. It stores excess glucose.

33. Carbohydrates Glycogen is found in the liver and muscles of animals. It stores excess glucose.

34. Carbohydrates Cellulose makes up the cell wall of plants. It serves a structural function.

35. Carbohydrates Chitin makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods.

36. Review 1. What are the three classes of carbohydrates?

37. Review 1. What are the three classes of carbohydrates? 2.List three common monosaccharides.

38. Review 1. What are the three classes of carbohydrates? 2.List three common monosaccharides. 3.What is the formula for a monosaccharide?

39. Review 4. What is the reaction called that forms disaccharides?

40. Review 4. What is the reaction called that forms disaccharides? 5. List threes common disaccharides.

41. Review 4. What is the reaction called that forms disaccharides? 5. List three common disaccharides. 6. List three examples of polysaccharides