1. Keep It Clean In cooperation with: The Emma Barnsley Foundation The PEER Program at Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences peer.tamu.edu

2. Homeostasis The ability of the body to maintain internal stability or balance Inability to maintain homeostasis may lead to disease or death

3. Are You in Balance? What are some ways your body maintains homeostasis?

4. Microorganism Microscopic organisms – Bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, viruses Present everywhere – Bodies, soil, atmosphere, ocean, Antarctica… Beneficial or detrimental – Nutrient cycling, food preparation, nutrient absorption, pathogenic

5. Microorganisms & Disease Pathogen - a micro-organism that has the potential to cause disease Infection - the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes Disease - infection causes damage to the individual’s vital functions or systems homeostatic imbalance

6. Microorganisms & Disease To cause an infection, microbes must enter our bodies – portals of entry Respiratory tract (mouth and nose) Gastrointestinal tract (mouth oral cavity) Urogenital tract Breaks in the skin surface

7. Microorganisms & Disease To make us ill microbes have to: Reach their target site Attach to the target site Multiply rapidly Obtain nutrients from the host Avoid and survive attack by host’s immune system

8. Aseptic Technique A procedure used by medical staff to prevent the spread of pathogens – Achieve asepsis (the state of being free from disease causing contaminants)

9. This is a Test! Fiona has come to the Texas A&M Small Animal Teaching Hospital to be spayed. Which image illustrates the mostly likely source of contamination during her surgery? Fiona Surgeon Surgical Instruments

10. Cleanse with a disinfectant containing iodine, alcohol, or chlorhexidine gluconate Apply sterile drapes around the surgical site Patient Most comon source of pathogens Shave hair from the surgical site

11. Surgical Team Hand washing/surgical scrub – special antimicrobial soap on hands and forearms – 2 – 5 minutes of scrubbing

12. Surgical Team Sterile clothing – Gloves, face masks, goggles, and transparent eye/face shields serve as barriers against microorganisms – Cover facial hair, tuck hair in cap, remove jewelry – Dress with deliberate care to avoid touching external, sterile surfaces with non-sterile objects Personnel assist the surgeon

13. Equipment Surgical instruments - sterilized by chemical treatment, radiation, gas, or heat Ensure sterility by checking sterility indicators and that packages are dry and intact Never re-use disposable equipment – Syringes

14. Environment Contains potential hazards that may spread pathogens through movement, touch, or proximity Restrict traffic in the sterile field Maintain positive-pressure airflow (to prevent air from contaminated areas from entering the sterile field)

15. What About Your Environment? Look around your classroom and identify items that might help achieve asepsis.

16. Questions?