1. Launching a New Republic Challenges to the New Government Challenges to the New Government The Federalists in Charge The Federalists in Charge

2. The Northwest Territory is still a big issue Spain, France, Britain, Native Americans all still had some claims to sections of America west of the Appalachians Spain, France, Britain, Native Americans all still had some claims to sections of America west of the Appalachians The Native Americans even hoped to form their own independent nation in the Northwest Territory. The Native Americans even hoped to form their own independent nation in the Northwest Territory. No matter what was tried, there were disagreements over this land, and if there were fights, the Native Americans usually lost. No matter what was tried, there were disagreements over this land, and if there were fights, the Native Americans usually lost.

3. One of the bigger battles over the area: The Battle of Fallen Timbers There were still some British in the area, who traded with the Natives. There were still some British in the area, who traded with the Natives. When there was a battle – the Native Americans were hoping for help from there “friends” – the British. When there was a battle – the Native Americans were hoping for help from there “friends” – the British. But they found out the British didn’t really want to get into another war and would back off if they had to fight the Americans. But they found out the British didn’t really want to get into another war and would back off if they had to fight the Americans. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans signed a treaty that gave up what is now Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. Government After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans signed a treaty that gave up what is now Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. Government

4. The new government needed money for several things – including fighting for the Northwest Territory One way Hamilton wanted to make money: tax the people. One way Hamilton wanted to make money: tax the people. Hamilton put a tax on whiskey. Hamilton put a tax on whiskey. To farmers, whiskey was very important – and not just for drinking. To farmers, whiskey was very important – and not just for drinking. It could also be used in trade and as money. It could also be used in trade and as money.

5. A group of farmers became very upset with the new tax and tried to fight back The caught and tarred and feathered some tax collectors. The caught and tarred and feathered some tax collectors. They threatened an armed attack. They threatened an armed attack. So… Washington sent in troops to put down the rebellion, which showed… So… Washington sent in troops to put down the rebellion, which showed… The new government was willing to stand up for its new rules and laws. The new government was willing to stand up for its new rules and laws.

6. About the same time… The French decided to have a revolution. Inspired by what the Americans had done, the French also had ideas of liberty and equality. Inspired by what the Americans had done, the French also had ideas of liberty and equality. The French Revolution became very violent (and was inspired by the American Revolution(9)). The French Revolution became very violent (and was inspired by the American Revolution(9)). Thousands of French citizens were massacred. Thousands of French citizens were massacred.

7. They even executed their King (Luis XVI). Marie Antoinette: was spending all of France’s money at a time of great financial problems. Marie Antoinette: was spending all of France’s money at a time of great financial problems. She asked why the people were protesting and was told it was because “the poor had no bread.” She asked why the people were protesting and was told it was because “the poor had no bread.” She replied: “Then let them eat cake.” She replied: “Then let them eat cake.”

8. Other European kings and queens were thinking if the French leaders were killed by there own people – they might be next So they declared war on France. So they declared war on France. So what do the Americans do? So what do the Americans do? We owed the French government a favor because they helped us against Britain in our Revolution. We felt the French citizens should also have the right to liberty and equality Britain was our main source of trade money and we didn’t want to take a chance on that

9. So… America decided to Remain neutral – friendly and impartial to both sides. Remain neutral – friendly and impartial to both sides. But wait… it can’t be just that easy – to not get involved. But wait… it can’t be just that easy – to not get involved. The British were mad at us and decided to start attacking our ships. The British were mad at us and decided to start attacking our ships. We had some meetings with them to discuss that, and we also talked with them about the Northwest Territory (where they were still hanging out). We had some meetings with them to discuss that, and we also talked with them about the Northwest Territory (where they were still hanging out). It was agreed – by 1796 that the British would leave the territory – and pay for the ships they damaged. It was agreed – by 1796 that the British would leave the territory – and pay for the ships they damaged. Now – more settlers could move into the area? Now – more settlers could move into the area?

10. By this time, Washington had been president for 8 years, and decided he had enough Some people had disagreements with some of Washington’s decisions as president and started to criticize his leadership. Some people had disagreements with some of Washington’s decisions as president and started to criticize his leadership. Washington knew that was starting, and even warned that “political disagreements could weaken the nation.” Washington knew that was starting, and even warned that “political disagreements could weaken the nation.” His foreign policy (24/26) was: he wanted the United States to stay out of everyone else's business – and not make agreements with other nations His foreign policy (24/26) was: he wanted the United States to stay out of everyone else's business – and not make agreements with other nations Attitude towards other countries

11. As often happens when someone gives up power, there’s a struggle for who will take over. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson (and James Madison was also on his side) Thomas Jefferson (and James Madison was also on his side) Two men had completely different ideas about how the United States should be run. Even still – they completely respected each other and worked together on many things.

12. From these two men came the formation of Political Parties (32/35) Hamilton’s Hamilton’s “Federalists” (34) “Federalists” (34) Government should promote industry and trade. Government should promote industry and trade. Government should be run by and for the rich. Government should be run by and for the rich. Strong central government and weak state governments. Strong central government and weak state governments. Giving few people the right to vote. Giving few people the right to vote. Limits on freedom of speech and the press. Limits on freedom of speech and the press. Favored England in foreign affairs. Favored England in foreign affairs. Feared democracy. Feared democracy. Jefferson’s Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans (33) Democratic-Republicans (33) Government should promote farming and small business. Government should promote farming and small business. Average people should run the government. Average people should run the government. Strong state and local gvts and weak federal gvt. Strong state and local gvts and weak federal gvt. Giving many people the right to vote. Giving many people the right to vote. Freedom of speech and the press. Freedom of speech and the press. Favored France in foreign affairs. Favored France in foreign affairs. Favored democracy. Favored democracy. (Groups who want to influence the way government is run)

13. In the next election… The federalists picked John Adams (37) to run The federalists picked John Adams (37) to run The Democratic- Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson The Democratic- Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson Adams won and became president. Jefferson came in 2 nd, so he became vice-president – the way presidential elections were set up in those days.

14. When Adams became president, they were just finishing up the first stages of building Washington D.C. So Adams became the first president to live in the “presidential mansion” So Adams became the first president to live in the “presidential mansion” The original presidential “home” in Philadelphia (Washington and Adams both refused to live there) White House Museum site

15. When Washington left office in 1797, the U.S. and the French weren’t getting along too well. There was even a possibility of war. There was even a possibility of war. The conflict made President Adams (and the Federalists) popular. The conflict made President Adams (and the Federalists) popular. The Democratic- Republicans didn’t like that and tried to gain some power. The Democratic- Republicans didn’t like that and tried to gain some power. To get even with them, Adams and the Federalist Congress passed…. To get even with them, Adams and the Federalist Congress passed….

16. The Alien and Sedition Acts (41) (Targeting aliens and immigrants) Waiting period to become a citizen went from 5 to 14 years. Waiting period to become a citizen went from 5 to 14 years. The President could arrest disloyal aliens… The President could arrest disloyal aliens… or order them out of the country during war time. or order them out of the country during war time. Sedition was outlawed (saying or writing false things about the government). Sedition was outlawed (saying or writing false things about the government). These really limited people’s freedom of speech and freedom of the press. These really limited people’s freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

17. The Democratic-Republicans (led by Jefferson and Madison) found a way to fight these acts. Said: there were state rights (42) even the federal government couldn’t take away. Said: there were state rights (42) even the federal government couldn’t take away. Argued they violated the Constitution (which they kind of did). Argued they violated the Constitution (which they kind of did). Within 2 years, the Democratic-Republicans controlled Congress, and these laws expired. Within 2 years, the Democratic-Republicans controlled Congress, and these laws expired.