1. Diseases and the Immune/Lymphatic System

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sYSyuuLk 5g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sYSyuuLk 5g

3. Can you define these terms? Infectious: Capable of spreading disease. Also known as communicable. Virus: A tiny organism that multiplies within cells and causes disease such as chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis and hepatitis. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics, the drugs used to kill bacteria. Quarantine: The isolation of a person or animal who has a disease (or is suspected of having a disease) in order to prevent further spread of the disease.

4. Vaccine: A product that produces immunity therefore protecting the body from the disease. Vaccines are administered through needle injections, by mouth and by aerosol. Immunity: Protection against a disease. There are two types of immunity, passive and active. Immunity is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the blood and can usually be determined with a laboratory test.

5. Is contagion real? Have your answers out for discussion on “how real is Contagion?” Side Bar: Vomiting Larry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmy8x2L m7rE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmy8x2L m7rE

6. Epidemic: A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time: "a flu epidemic" Outbreak: describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. Pandemic: Prevalent over a whole country or the world

7. How Does Seasonal Flu Differ From Pandemic Flu? U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

8. Contagion introduces the importance of zoonosis) Definition:“A zoonosis is any disease and/or infection which is naturally transmissible from animals to man." Can you think of any other zoonotic diseases in the news these days? (Mad Cow, Influenza, West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, SARS)

9. Let’s look at Bird Flu, birds aren’t the only animals affected by that epidemic. Because various bird flu strains are spreading and reproducing in millions of wild and domestic birds, they are also mutating … in potentially dangerous ways.

10. When we hear about Bird flu or swine flu or SARS It isn’t obvious what the fuss is about. For example: we hear only a handful of humans have been infected (so far). Or the illness is far away (like in China) And who cares about birds & pigs getting sick?

11. Zoonosis type outbreaks are dangerous because the virus is evolving!

12. Usually, changes in viral antigens (the “bad guys”) are small. The illness these “antigenic drift” variants (changes in the flu as it travels the globe) produce is annoying (because you can then get the flu every year), but not usually life- threatening (because your body can somewhat recognize it). The illness these “antigenic drift” variants (changes in the flu as it travels the globe) produce is annoying (because you can then get the flu every year), but not usually life- threatening (because your body can somewhat recognize it).

13. But now and then a major change in antigens occurs. These “antigenic shifts” can produce devastating results -- lethal, global epidemicsBut now and then a major change in antigens occurs. These “antigenic shifts” can produce devastating results -- lethal, global epidemics The most serious occurred at the end of World War I (“Spanish Flu”); It killed 675,00 Americans and between 20 and 50 million people worldwide. That’s more than all the wars of the 20th century put together.The most serious occurred at the end of World War I (“Spanish Flu”); It killed 675,00 Americans and between 20 and 50 million people worldwide. That’s more than all the wars of the 20th century put together.

14. What happened? Can it happen again? The answers relate to the nature of influenza as an evolving zoonosis -- and a phenomenon we could call “viral sex.”

16. What’s the quick summary so far? The 1918 flu virus appears to have jumped, directly, from birds to humans. That jump and the ability to be spread from human to human appear to be dependent on a relatively small number of changes in the avian flu genome.

17. What do the HIV epidemic and major flu outbreaks have in common? Human activity alters the ecology of a zoonosis in ways that encourage the spread of pathogens between species, across human populations, within populations of other species, or some combination of the above. Meanwhile, the pathogens evolve in ways that increase their fitness under new conditions.

18. These and other changes in “human ecology” are driving the emergence and spread of an entire crop of diseases unknown just a few years ago.

19. Epidemiology= disease tracker Patient Zero: Patient Zero–or the index case as it’s clinically known–refers to the first person who shows documented symptoms of the disease. So, why do the infectious disease experts trip over themselves to find Patient Zero? Why don’t they just deal with the cases at hand?

20. 2 reasons 1. better their chances of controlling and dampening the outbreak. By determining exactly where Patient Zero travelled and who they came into contact with. Also can isolate and treat the people who might be carriers. If this is done early enough, the outbreak can be artificially “shutdown”.

21. 2. locating the exact place where the first infection happened which can often lead to the identification of the source of the virus, which then might for preventative steps to be taken to stop future epidemics.

22. TED talk…virus hunter http://www.ted.com/talks/nathan_wolfe_hun ts_for_the_next_aids.html http://www.ted.com/talks/nathan_wolfe_hun ts_for_the_next_aids.html

23. Social media & Epidemiology article Discuss Health Map: http://healthmap.org/en/http://healthmap.org/en/ Outbreaks near me: http://www.healthmap.org/local/ http://www.healthmap.org/local/ CDC Flu Trends http://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/fluportaldashboar d.html http://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/fluportaldashboar d.html Google flu trends http://www.google.org/flutrends/us/#US http://www.google.org/flutrends/us/#US