2. Fancy Female Reproductive System

3. OVARIES Main female sex organ Oogenesis: Eggs are made here! Only 23 chromosomes in these special cells Production of hormones

4. Ovaries (cont.) A.Estrogen Enlargement of reproductive organs Breast development Increased fat deposits Widening of pelvis Vascularization of the skin Onset of menstrual cycle

5. Ovaries (cont.) B. Progesterone (pregnancy) Vascularization of uterus Maintains the pregnancy Prepares breast for milk production

6. Front View of Female Reproductive System

7. Side View of Female Reproductive System

8. FIMBRIAE Funnels pull egg into the fallopian tube Doesn’t touch the ovary

9. FALLOPIAN TUBE Leads the egg to the uterus which takes five days EGG and SPERM meet here !!

10. UTERUS Size and shape of pear (with increasing power) Double lining: Myometrium: muscle Endometrium: blood Receives, retains, and nourishes the fertilized egg (zygote)

11. CERVIX Opening between uterus and vagina Pap Smears

12. VAGINA Birth canal (8-10 cm long) Behind the urethra and in front of the rectum Receives erect penis, sperm released Acidic environment protects females from invasive bacteria and/or sperm

13. VULVA A.Labia majora & minora  Folds of skin around urethral and vaginal openings  Keeps yucky stuff out (like bacteria) B.Clitoris  Erectile tissue, engorges with blood, glands for lubrication  Equivalent to the male penis

14. BREAST Secretion of milk

15. Moody Menstrual Cycle ><

16. Days 1-5: Menses (period) Endometrium lining sloughs off causing bleeding through vagina (1/4-1/2 cup)

17. Days 6-14 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates a follicle in the ovary to mature into an egg Estrogen (made by ovary) rebuilds the endometrium and increases until…..

18. Day 14: OVULATION Estrogen causes the release of Leutenizing hormone (LH) LH causes the rupture of a follicle, the egg is released (ovulation)

19. Days 15-28 The scar (where the follicle ruptured) becomes the corpus luteum and releases progesterone Egg lives 24 hours (1 day) Sperm lives about 48-72 hours Sperm needs about 1-2 hours to get to the egg

20. BOTTOM LINE Intercourse no more than 72 hours before ovulation No later than 24 hours after ovulation

21. If no fertilization? Hormone levels go down Cycle returns to Day 1

22. If fertilization…. Embryo secretes hormone that keeps ovary producing progesterone Uterine lining (endometrium) doesn’t break down, develops into placenta

23. Tubal Ligation… Fallopian tube is cut & tied, cauterized or clipped The egg can no longer travel to the uterus The egg is reabsorbed by the body each month