1. United States Constitution CIVICS Mr. Dircks

2. Structure of the Constitution Preamble Articles I - VII Amendments 1-27 CONSTITUTION WAS NEEDED TO REPLACE ‘WEAK’ ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

3. Structure of the Constitution Preamble – States the ‘WHY’ and goals Article I – Legislative Branch Article II – Executive Branch Article III – Judicial Branch Article IV – Relationship between States Article V – Amendment process Article VI – Supremacy Clause Article VII – Ratification process Amendments – Changes to the Constitution

4. Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

6. Major Principles  Popular Sovereignty – People are the source of power  Federalism – Power divided between national and state governments  Separation of Powers – Division of power between three branches of government  Checks and Balances – Each branch holds some power over the other two branches  Judicial Review – Power of the courts to review laws and actions for constitutionality  Limited Government – Limits the authority of the federal government

7. Examples – Separation of Power EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVE

8. Examples of Checks and Balances Veto ability Congress passes law President refuses to sign Congress can override with 2/3 majority Nomination President appoints key officials Senate approves appointments Judicial Review Marbury vs. Madison *** Supreme Court determines whether a law is constitutional

9. Article I – Legislative Branch Congress House of Representatives (435) Number of Reps based upon state’s population Term = 2 years 100% elected every two years Speaker of the House = presiding Officer Senate (100) 2 Senators per state Term = 6 years 1/3 elected every two years – Why? Vice President = presiding Officer – What does he do? President Pro Tempore – if VP is away

10. Article I – Legislative Branch Qualifications Age 25 - Representative 30 - Senator Citizenship 7 year U.S. Citizen – Representative 9 year U.S. Citizen – Senator Residency State resident - both

11. Article I – Legislative Branch Congressional Powers – All Revenue – taxes Borrow Regulate trade Declare War Currency Naturalization *Elastic Clause* - power to create laws necessary and proper

12. Article I – Legislative Branch Congressional Powers – Denied Religion Habeas Corpus – *Except during ‘crisis’ “Produce the body” Ex Post Facto After the fact”

13. Article I – Legislative Branch House of Representatives – Powers Start all revenue bills Start impeachment process Formally charge someone with wrongdoing Select President if electoral college ties Senate – Powers Confirm all Presidential appointments *Except staff (Chief of Staff, Press Secretary, etc.) Jury in impeachment trial Approve treaties (2/3 majority)

14. Article I Legislative Branch Bill to Law Process Starts ? Then goes to? Approved by ? Sent to ? If Approved sent to? If signed ? If not signed ? Called a? Not signed but not vetoed and Congress adjourns? If not returned in ten days ?

15. ARTICLE I QUIZ Take five minutes to review your notes on Article I

16. Article II – Executive Branch Chief Executive Major role? Qualifications 35 years old Natural born citizen 14 year U.S. resident What about the VP? Why? Term 4 year term 2 term max 10 year total max

17. Article II – Executive Branch Elections How the Electoral College Works Electoral college – who & how many? Popular vote vs. Electoral college Powers Appoint key officials Commander-in-Chief Negotiate treaties & conduct foreign policy Duties State of the Union Receive foreign diplomats Recognize foreign governments

18. Article II – Executive Branch Impeachment Why or what for? How? House Impeaches Senate Tries

19. Article III – Judicial Branch Supreme Court Judicial Review? Jurisdiction Original Appellate – Hear appeals from lower courts # of Justices (9) Appointment process? Term? Except for?

20. Article IV – Relations between States *Extradition the formal process by which a fugitive found in state is surrendered to another state for trial or punishment. Federal guarantee to the states?

21. Article V – Amendment Process Proposing Amendments? Who? How many? Ratifying Amendments? Who? How many?

22. Article VI – Supremacy Clause Constitution and Federal Law are the supreme law of the land!!!

23. Bill of Rights 1-10 Amendment 1 – Religious and political freedom Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of press Freedom of assembly Freedom of petition Amendment 2 – Right to bear arms Amendment 3 – Quartering troops Amendment 4 – Search and seizure Protects against unreasonable search and/or seizure Need ‘probable’ cause for search warrants (WHAT/WHERE) Amendment 5 – Rights of accused persons Double jeopardy protection Requirement of indictment by Grand Jury Due process protection Self-incrimination protection

24. Bill of Rights 1-10 (Part II) Amendment 6 – Right to a speedy, public trial Jury of your peers Right to counsel Amendment 7 – Trial by jury in civil cases Jury trial in civil cases where the value exceeds $20 Amendment 8 – Limits of fines and punishments Protection against cruel and unusual punishment Amendment 9 – Rights of people People’s rights are not limited to the rights mentioned in the Constitution Amendment 10 – Powers of states and people ‘Reserved’ powers clause – powers not mentioned belong to states and people

25. What if….. Of the ten amendments we just discussed, what if you could only keep three? What three would you pick?

26. Amendments 11-20 Amendment 11 – Suits against states Amendment 12 – Election of President and Vice President Amendment 13 – Abolition of slavery Amendment 14 – Rights of citizens regardless of race Amendment 15 – Right to vote regardless of race Amendment 16 – Income tax Amendment 17 – Direct election of Senators Amendment 18 – Prohibition of Alcohol Amendment 19 – Woman suffrage (right to vote) Amendment 20 – “Lame- Duck”

27. Amendments 21-27 Amendment 21 – Repeal Amendment 18 Amendment 22 – Limit on Presidential terms (2 terms or 10 year max) Amendment 23 – Presidential Electors for D.C. Amendment 24 – Abolition of the Poll Tax Amendment 25 – Presidential disability and succession Amendment 26 – Eighteen-year-old vote Amendment 27 – Restraint on Congressional salaries

28. United States Flag Code Flag is usually flown from dawn to dusk Unless illuminated In a group, the Flag should be center and the highest In a room, the Flag should be to the speaker’s right An upside down Flag signals distress To fly the Flag half-staff, raise the Flag fully and lower to the half-way point Burning of the Flag is a protected form of speech in the United States The national anthem is the “The Star Spangled Banner” written by Francis Scott Key during the War of 1812

29. Illinois Government Illinois = Becomes a state 1818 Current Constitution = 1971 Compared to the US Constitution, Illinois has 14 Articles (US=7) Also provide protection against discrimination of women Home rule = process in which a county or municipal government may provide its own public services

30. Illinois Government Illinois Legislature = General Assembly General Assembly 59 legislative districts 118 representative districts Qualifications of Members of the General Assembly 21 years old Reside in district 2yrs. Citizen Governor of Illinois = Pat Quinn Next election = November 2014 Power of line item veto

31. Illinois Government Officials Secretary of State = Jesse White Issue Driver’s License Keeper of the state’s official records Attorney General = Lisa Madigan Chief Law Enforcement Officer Treasurer = Dan Rutherford Invest public funds

32. Illinois Judicial System Judicial System Three types of courts Supreme, Appellate, Circuit Circuit Court Judges are elected every 6 years Requirements to be elected or appointed as a judge Lawyer Resident of district Citizen

33. ILLINOIS VOTER REQUIREMENTS 18 years old Resident of the state > 30 days Register to vote by election deadline – usually 30 days prior to election

34. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE What is the Declaration of Independence? Formal note declaring America free from Britain List of grievances (complaints) against King George According to the Declaration of Independence, if government interferes with people’s rights, they have the duty to? Abolish the government Main ideas of the Declaration: All men are created equal Men have rights that cannot be taken away Governments derive power from the people