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Published byPreston Ferdinand Beasley Modified over 9 years ago
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Presented by Amanda Welch-Alleyne
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A service is any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it. Services are present and provided in all societies. In More Developed Countries, two thirds of the GDP is made up from services.
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There are three types of services: Consumer Services Business Services Public Services
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Business that provide services primarily to individual consumers who are able to afford them. These include retail and wholesale services, education services, health services, and leisure and hospitality services. Consumer Services make up 44% of US jobs
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Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses. Such services include financial services, professional services, transportation services, and information services. Business services make up 24% of US jobs
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services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses Examples of public services lie within services that the federal, state, and local governments provide to their citizens; schools, parks, fire and police department. Public services make up 17% of US jobs
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In the time period between 1972 and 2009: There was a decline in employment in primary and secondary job sectors Rapid expansion of professional services, in fields such as engineering, management and law Slow growth in finance and transportation services due to improved effficiency
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Rapid increase in health care services, like nursing homes and home health care Large increases in education, entertainment and recreation Employees involved in public services have gradually declined over the past two decades
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Prior to the establishment of permanent settlements, people lived as nomads Archeological studies predict that settlements were established first for consumer and public services
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The earliest permanent settlements were designed to offer consumer services, like burial of the dead and housing for families People developed the need for tools, clothing, shelter, containers, fuel, and other material goods Consequently, settlements became manufacturing centers
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Public services followed religious activities into early permanent settlements Soldiers emerged because members of the settlement were vulnerable to attack Settlements were methods of protecting food sources against competitors, like building walls Settlements became centers for military power
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The necessity for food was a common ground for everyone in the settlement, which led to hunting and gathering, and eventually the processes of storing extra food Settlements became the place where people were able to trade goods and services, which led to record keeping, currency system, and the establishment of fair prices
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First documented urban settlements were well planned cities in Mesopotamia Ancient Athens was the first Mediterranean settlement and largest city-state, and became trading centers for thousands of islands In Ancient Rome, the rise of the Roman Empire encouraged urban settlement; such as centers for administrative and military services, and retail consumer services
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Rural settlements are centers of agriculture that provide small amounts of services A clustered rural settlement is a place where a number of families live in close proximity to each other A dispersed rural settlement is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors
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Circular rural settlements are circular forms that consists of a central open space surrounded by structures Linear rural settlements are comprised of building clustered along a road, river or dike to facilitate communications
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Population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in 2008 Urbanization is the process by which the population of urban settlements grows Two dimensions of urbanization: the number of people living in cities increase, and the percent of people living in cities increase
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Differences were defined by Louis Wirth in 1900s Defined cities by three characteristics Wirth argued these characteristics produced differences in the social behavior of urban and rural residents
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Helps explain how the most profitable location can be identified Was first proposed in the 1930s by German geographer Walter Christaller, and was further developed in the United States in the 1950s
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A central place is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area Central places compete against each other to serve as markets for goods and services for the surrounding region
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The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the market area or hinterland Market area is like a region with a core where the characteristic is most intense To establish a market area, a circle is drawn around a node of service on a map
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The maximum distance people are willing to travel for use of a service People are willing to go short distances for everyday services
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Minimum number of people needed to support the service Every business has a minimum number of customers required to generate enough sales to make a profit
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Profitability of a location; basically means is a good or service going to be profitable in a certain location
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Small settlements are limited to consumer services that have small thresholds, short ranges, and small market area Larger settlements provide services having larger thresholds, ranges, and market areas.
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Rank size rule: country’s nth-largest settlement is 1/nth of the population of the largest settlement This is important because a country that follows the rank-size rule tends to be a society that is sufficiently wealthy to justify the provision of goods and services to consumers
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The largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement LDCs often follow primate rule
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Collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days Typically set up in a street or public space Vendors are part-time, mobile, and provide small quantities
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