1. Cultural Change Why do cultures change? Three reasons:
Discovery – women have more athletic abilities then thought of in the past
Invention – computers have changed the way cultures think, talk, etc.
Diffusion – food is becoming more global, such as: tacos, Christmas trees, piñatas

2. Cultural Diversity & Social Categories
Social categories: groupings of persons who share a social characteristic
Sub-culture: part of the dominant culture but differs from it in some important aspect (i.e. San Francisco’s Chinatown)
Counterculture: part of the dominant culture but it deliberately opposes certain central beliefs of the dominant group (i.e goth or punk)

3. Ethnocentrism vs. Xenocentrism
ethnocentrism: judging others in terms of one’s own cultural standards
Xenocentrism: when someone loves another culture more than their own
American who think the British manners and moves are superior to those of the US & who adopt British accents and/or manners – anglophiles)
For Example…

4. Cultural Universals
Behaviors or social institutions that appear in all cultures (they exist b/c humans have certain common needs dictated by their physical biology and their environment)
Government, art, words, habitat, toys, traditions, jobs, food, shelter, etc.