1. Primary Sources: UNESCO defines the primary documentary sources as “original scientific paper describing new research, techniques or apparatus”. Research Reports/Papers Manuscripts Newspapers Patents Standards Journals Theses Conference Proceedings

2. Secondary sources are compiled form of primary sources. Directory of Research organizations Hand Books Encyclopaedias Books Text books Statistical hand books Year Books Abstracting periodicals Abstracting Services British National Bibliography (BNB) India a Reference Annual (published by publication division, New Delhi). Reviews

3. Tertiary sources are second level compilation of secondary sources. Growth or explosion of information and secondary sources in particular lead to the emergence of tertiary sources. List of abstracting services Directory of R & D institutions Chemical Abstracts World bibliography of bibliographies

4. Bibliography of bibliographies: – compilation of primary and secondary sources. Encyclopaedia – the word was first used in 1559 – by ‘Paul Schalich’ Encyclopaedia of Britannica I st edition published in the year 1768, II nd edition was published in 1771 and had three volumes. New Encyclopaedia of Britannica is published from Chicago, its 9th edition is called ‘Scholars edition’ and had three parts. 15th edition of the same had thirty volumes. Encyclopaedia Americana – published by “Grolier” from New York and had thirty volumes. Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Science published by M.Dekker and edited by “Allen Kent” and “Harold Lancour”.

5. International Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences published by ‘Macmillan and Free Press’ had eighteen volumes. University Handbook is published by ‘Association of Indian Universities’ from New Delhi. The word ‘Thesaurus’ has its origin from Greek. Oxford English Dictionary II edition was published in 1989. World of Learning published by Europa publications, London is used to find any research institution in any country. Directory of Scientific and Research Institutions in India is published by INSDOC. ‘Asian Recorder’ is published by Asian Recorder and Publications, New Delhi and is a weekly. ‘Facts on File’ is weekly published from New York. Gazetteers of India has four volumes and is popularly known as ‘A geographical dictionary’.

6. ‘Science Citation Index’ (SCI) published by ‘Institute of Scientific Information, Philadelphia’ from the year 1964. Eugene Garfield (Father of Grey Literature) is its founder architect and its CD-ROM version is available from the year 1988. ‘Advances in Computers’ published by Academic Press, New York, and is an annual publication started in the year 1960. ‘Indian Dissertation Abstracts’ is published by ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Sciences Research). ICSSR is renamed as NISCAIR (National Institute for Scientific Communication and Information Research). Series of bibliographies on doctoral dissertations accepted by Indian universities from the year 1975 is published by Association of Indian Universities (AIU). ‘Current Contents’ is content by journal service published from USA. COMPENDEX – refers to ‘Computerised form of Engineering Index’. DESIDOC – refers to ‘Defence Scientific Documentation Centre’, and is associated with defence science and defence studies.