1. Commodity Destabilisation and General Awareness AT11 Slide 1

2. “Fuel, fund or facilitate conflict” Destabilising Commodities AT11 Slide 2

3. Destabilising Commodities  Destabilizing commodities, directly or indirectly, are perceived to contribute to violence and social/ political insecurity AT11 Slide 3

4. War Economies  War economy: economic activities organised to finance war  “The perpetuation of war can become an end in itself, providing and justifying the use of violent means to create or sustain economic profits and political power”  ODI Network Paper 33, July 2000 AT11 Slide 4

5. War Economy Examples  Angola, 1992 - 2002: UNITA (National Union for Total Independence of Angola During 1997-97 UNITA estimated to have exported diamonds worth nearly $2bn  DRC, 1997 – To Date: 80% of cassiterite from conflict zones transported by air Strong link between coltan and arms transport AT11 Slide 5

6. Embargoed armed groups Arms brokers Mining Narcotics Refineries Underworld markets Air Transport – Key Link in the Chain AT11 Slide 6

7. Embargoed armed groups Arms brokers Mining Narcotics Refineries Underworld markets Air Transport – Key Link in the Chain Airport records Transfer documentation AWACS/ Land/ Maritime Radar Aircraft ownership databases Airport traffic control records AT11 Slide 7

8. Avoiding Detection  Re-register companies listed on “watch lists” under a different name  Switch aircraft between countries  Complex business structures  Operate in countries with lax controls AT11 Slide 8

9. Jet Line International company address: an apartment in Kiev with no visible company sign Company Registration AT11 Slide 9

10. Air Cargo Carrier Characteristics  What qualities do arms traffickers look for in an air transport provider?  What qualities do humanitarian organizations look for in an air transport provider? AT11 Slide 10

11. Blue Bird Badr Airlines Aerolift Carriers that Raise Ethical Issues AT11 Slide 11

12. Characteristics / Warning Signs AT11 Slide 12

13. Bangkok Case Study (1 of 8) Between 1997 and 2009 this aircraft operated under at least eight different companies which have been named in open source arms trafficking reports. AT11 Slide 13

14. Bangkok Case Study (2 of 8) AT11 Slide 14 Ilyushin IL 76 – seized in Bangkok, 12 Dec 2009 Weapons Consignment (“Oil industry parts”) Crew 4 Kazakhs, 1 Belarusian, normally work for Zykov Plane leased from Union Top Management Ltd (UTM), formed Nov 2009 in Hong Kong.

15. Bangkok Case Study (3 of 8) AT11 Slide 15 Weapons Consignment (“Oil industry parts”) Aerotrack Ltd, Ukraine: Consignee (unknown company) Korean General Trading Corporation, North Korea: Shipper (unknown company)

16. Bangkok Case Study (4 of 8) AT11 Slide 16 Crew 4 Kazakhs, 1 Belarusian, normally work for Zykov Alexander Zykov (Owner, East Wing) East Wing (ex GST Aero), Kazakhstan, menitoned in UN Sanctions Reports 2008/09

17. Bangkok Case Study (5 of 8) AT11 Slide 17 Plane leased from Union Top Management Ltd (UTM), formed Nov 2009 in Hong Kong. Plane provided to UTM by SP Trading. SP Trading formed Jul/Nov 2009, New Zealand Dario Cabreros Garmendia (Unknown founder of UTM, based in Barcelona)

18. Bangkok Case Study (6 of 8) AT11 Slide 18 Dario Cabreros Garmendia (Unknown founder of UTM, based in Barcelona) Acoto Ltd, a ‘secretary firm’: provides board members and company registration service for UTM Easytime Development Ltd – incorporates UTM in Hong Kong Global King Ventures Ltd (BVI) – shareholder in Easytime

19. Bangkok Case Study (7 of 8) AT11 Slide 19 Plane provided by SP Trading to UTM. SP Trading formed Jul/Nov 2009, New Zealand Yury Lunyov (Founder, SP Trading) Lu Zhang (Sole director, provides incorporation service Plane provided to SP Trading by Air West, Georgia Levan Kakabadze (Owner, Air West) Plane actually owned by Overseas Cargo FZE, UAE Svetlana Zykov (Owner, Overseas Cargo) Business Associate

20. Bangkok Case Study (8 of 8) AT11 Slide 20 Ilyushin IL 76 – seized in Bangkok, 12 Dec 2009 Weapons Consignment (“Oil industry parts”) Crew Alexander Zykov, East Wing Plane leased from UTM Dario Cabreros Garmendia, UTM SP Trading provides plane to UTM. Yury Lunyov, SP Trading) Air West provide Plane to SP Trading Levan Kakabadze, Air West Plane owned by Overseas Cargo Svetlana Zykov, Overseas Cargo Business Associate Married

21.  Commission Regulation (EC) No 1144/2009 of 26 November 2009  Report of the Panel of Experts Pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2009/603  Commission Regulation (EC) No 331/2008 of 11 April 2008  Report of the Panel of Experts Pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2008/773  Commission Regulation (EC) No 235/2007 of 5 March 2007  Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 of 22 March 2006  Security Council letter pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC S/2006/53 Hewa Bora Case Study AT11 Slide 21

22. Initiatives to Address the Problem  European Union  EthicalCargo AT11 Slide 22

23. EU Air Safety Regulations AT11 Slide 23

24. EthicalCargo.org AT11 Slide 24

25. Questions AT11 Slide 25