1. IISU Project N. de Beler

2. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20012 IISU Objective Improve identification of usable exits and passengers guidance Plan evacuation Launch evacuationGuide passengers Identify exits condition Sensors? Communication means? Procedures?

3. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20013 IISU Consorsium SFACT

4. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20014 Work breakdown Requirements analysis Assistant tools Specification Technologies research Solution(s) proposition Experiment; IISU 2 in 2002 Non technical Solution(s) We are here

5. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20015 Requirements analysis Previous studies CAA database Interviews Training centre visit JAR 4Evacuations typology 4Occupants tasks modelling

6. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20016 Survivable events analysis (1) ( 256 of the 2426 accidents (about 10.5%) involved an evacuation  Evacuation situations: 4Evacuation involving fire or smoke are the most frequent (53% of the 256 accidents). 4Approach or landing represent the phases of flight the most concerned with an evacuation (52% of the 256 accidents)  Non-usability of the exits is related to: 3Difficulty/impossibility to open an exit 3Obstacle or fire or water behind the door 3Problem with the slides (problem of inflation, fire, split, etc…)

7. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20017 Survivable events analysis (2)  Temporal factor: Majority of evacuations are unplanned (no time to prepare cabin)  Evacuation decision making process: critical phase  Rule on the exits usability: CC role  An exit can be usable only part of the time of the evacuation  Communication problem : means failure, noise, impossibility to move  Passengers pre-flight briefing: influences passengers’ behaviour  Passengers guidance: 3Guidance towards an exit is a serious problem in case of smoke, 3Passengers dangerous behaviour due to panic 3Re-routing of passengers because of unusable exits 3Problem related to emergency equipment in case of ditching

8. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20018 Tasks model

9. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 20019 Interest of a Hierarchical task model  Make clear the goal of each activity  Guide the need analysis 4Formalise the links between actors 4Stress the links between tasks 4Understand the information used 4Stress the influence of psychological and cultural factors  Offer a synthetic view of the occupants activity ( Offer a framework to describe the results of evacuation reports analysis è Rich support to formalise the requirements taking account of the activity context

10. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 200110 From the need analysis to the solution ( Decide Evacuation ( Understand situation ( Prepare evacuation ( Order evacuation ( Decide usable exits ( Guide passengers Tasks to be improved Related Requirements Solutions ( Data Access ( Data transmission ( Co ordination ( Passengers Briefing ( Guidance ( Procedures ( Training ( Emergency equipment  CHECK  CAMERA  HEADSET  SOUND  SPYHOLE 4 Training 4 Procedures

11. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 200111 Identification of solutions  CHECK : for CC, be informed about the usability of all exits, assist passengers guidance, improve flow management.  CAMERA : Check external conditions, provide information on slide usability?  HEADSET : Improve interaction between CC& FC members; be informed about the usability of another exit; know if a CC or FC is operational or not; improve flow management.  SOUND : Assist the guidance of passengers mainly in deteriorated situation (smoke, baggage in the aisle)  SPYHOLE : Improve external conditions checking (widened vision)

12. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 200112 CHECK: CHeck Exit and Comunicate Knowledge At each main door: ( Display: overview of all exits usability ( 2 modes: usable ; non usable ( commands: 4By default, automatic usable status when slide inflated 4Manual command to input non usable / usable status       CHECK

13. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 200113 Next step ( Finalise the « instruments » specification: 4impact on CC procedures, training 4impact on regulation ( Propose non technical solution replying to the requirements: change in CC procedure & training; FC and CC common training; Change in passengers briefing.  Experiments on realistic simulator (Cranfield) => IISU 2

14. 3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct 200114 Conclusion: 3 outcomes  Identification of solutions that are « reasonable » in terms of implementation feasibility, cost and amount of change  Benefits of the use of the tasks modelling methodology to analyse the needs : provide traceability.  Identification of tasks that need further investigations 4evacuation decision process, 4passengers awareness of the safety role of CC, 4passengers briefing.