1. INTEGRATED FOREST PROTECTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES Principles of IFP Application of IFP to Nurseries Strategies and Tools for IFP in Forests

2. Integrated Forest Protection Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Clear goals Clear goals Ecological basis Ecological basis Pest interactions Pest interactions Plant Disease Triangle Plant Disease Triangle Economic (or action) thresholds Economic (or action) thresholds Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Prevention of pest problems Prevention of pest problems

3. Systems Approach Pest Management Forest Management (What are your Goals?)

4. Ecological Basis

5. ENVIRONMENT PLANT DISEASE TRIANGLE PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN

6. Economic (or Action) Thesholds Economic Threshold or Action Threshold Pest Population Density Time Economic Injury Level or Resource Impact Level Benefit = Cost

10. Information Needed to Implement Integrated Forest Protection Basic biology and ecology Basic biology and ecology Impact data Impact data Detection/monitoring systems Detection/monitoring systems Hazard/risk rating systems Hazard/risk rating systems Treatment alternatives Treatment alternatives

12. Hazard and Risk Rating Models Hazard = susceptibility Hazard = susceptibility suitability of the environment for a specific pest suitability of the environment for a specific pest amount of damage that will occur if pest is present amount of damage that will occur if pest is present Risk = Hazard + measure of pest abundance and proximity Risk = Hazard + measure of pest abundance and proximity probability that an infestation will occur probability that an infestation will occur Hazard ≠ Risk Hazard ≠ Risk

13. The Forest Insect and Pathogen Hazard Rating System Database Cataloging hundreds of North American Hazard Rating Models in one cross-referenced Microsoft Access database 1: ITX, Inc., Ft. Collins, CO 2: Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Fort Collins, CO http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ Andrew McMahan 1 Eric L Smith 2

14. ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGENSTRATEGIES EARLY DETECTION EXCLUSION PREVENTION PROTECTION ERADICATION

15. TOOLS PORT OF ENTRY INSPECTIONS PORT OF ENTRY INSPECTIONS AERIAL SURVEY AERIAL SURVEY QUARANTINE QUARANTINE RESISTANCE RESISTANCE SILVICULTURE SILVICULTURE CHAINSAWS CHAINSAWS HOEDADS HOEDADS FUNGICIDES FUNGICIDES ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST

16. Integrated Nursery Protection Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Clear goals Clear goals Ecological basis Ecological basis Pest interactions Pest interactions Plant Disease Triangle Plant Disease Triangle Economic (or action) thresholds Economic (or action) thresholds Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Prevention of pest problems Prevention of pest problems

17. Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Clear goals

18. ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST Ecological basis Pest interactions Plant Disease Triangle

19. Economic (or action) thresholds

20. Information Needed to Implement Integrated Forest Protection Basic biology and ecology Basic biology and ecology Impact data Impact data Detection/monitoring systems Detection/monitoring systems Hazard/risk rating systems Hazard/risk rating systems Treatment alternatives Treatment alternatives

21. PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT

22. HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN

25. FUMIGATION SOLARIZATION

27. FUSARIUM ROOT ROT

30. Integrated Decay Management Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Interdisciplinary (Systems approach) Clear goals Clear goals Ecological basis Ecological basis Pest interactions Pest interactions Plant Disease Triangle Plant Disease Triangle Economic (or action) thresholds Economic (or action) thresholds Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Use a variety of tactics and treatments in a coordinated approach Prevention of pest problems Prevention of pest problems

31. ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN MANAGING TREE DECAY SHORT ROTATIONS CLEAR CUT HARVEST AVOID WOUNDING

32. Pest Interactions Competing Vegetation (-) Pine Tip Moths (+) Fusiform Rust (+) Pitch Canker(+)

33. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES AND TOOLS PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOSTENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN