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Chapter 15
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Democrats win Presidency, Senate, and House Franklin Delano Roosevelt Reform minded Friendly Confident Forms Brain Trust refers to the group of academic advisers that FDR gathered to assist him during the 1932 presidential campaign develop an economic plan whose programs became the backbone of the New Deal
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Relief for needy, economic recovery, financial reform RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM
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Passes over 15 major New Deal laws Emergency Banking Relief Act Treasury Department allowed to inspect banks Decides which are insolvent, sound or need loans PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN BANKS REVIVED Fireside Chats Radio talks explaining New Deal measures 1 st chat discussed need for public support in government and banks
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Glass-Steagall Act Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Insures individual bank accounts, regulates banking practices Federal Securities Act Companies must release all information on stocks
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Agricultural Adjustment Act, AAA Raises food prices Lowers supply Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA Creates jobs renovating, building dams
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Civilian Conservation Corps, CCC Public work jobs for young men Public Works Administration, PWA Money to states to create jobs Civil Works Administration, CWA Builds rural schools, pays teachers
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Promoting Fair Practices National Industrial Recovery Act, NIRA establishes codes for fair practices for industries Creates National Recovery Administration Sets standards, prices, limits production Food, Clothing, and Shelter Home Owners Loan Corporation Gives loans to prevent foreclosures Federal Housing Administration Gives loans for mortgages Federal Emergency Relief Administration Direct relief to needy
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Deficit Spending – funds New Deal Spending more money than government takes in Liberals: New Deal does not do enough to help poor or fix economy Conservatives: Socialism
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Strikes down many measures of New Deal as unconstitutional FDR proposes “Court-packing bill” Congress/Press protest proposal in February 1937 to provide retirement at full pay for all members of the court over 70. If a justice refused to retire, have an "assistant" with full voting rights was to be appointed Starting in 1937, justices start to retire, FDR appoints 7 new justices
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Father Charles Coughlin Wants guaranteed income, banks nationalized Dr. Francis Townsend Pension plan for elderly Huey Long Poised to run for president on his “Share Our Wealth” platform, Long was assassinated in 1935 at the age of 42 designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people
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SECOND HUNDRED DAYS By 1935, economic recovery not as great as FDR hoped Launches 2 nd phase: more relief for farmers, workers Eleanor Roosevelt, social reformer prods President
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Democrats win First time majority of African-Americans vote Democrats FDR supported by Labor Unions
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1936 - AAA replaced by Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act Gives loan to small farms to buy land Farm Security Administration Loans to tenant farmers to buy land
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Works Progress Administration, WPA Creates jobs on airports, roads, public buildings Women sew clothes for needy Employs professional writers, artists, performers National Youth Administration, NYA Education, jobs, counseling for youth Gives aid to students in exchange for part time work
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Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board Replaces NIRA Protects rights to join unions, collective bargaining Prohibits unfair labor practices Fair Labor Standards Act Set maximum hours, minimum wage
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Insurance for retirees 65 and older Unemployment compensation Aid to disabled Aid to families with children
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Chapter 15 Section 3, 4, 5
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Women FDR names several women to government positions Frances Perkins – 1 st female cabinet member Secretary of Labor NRA – set lower wage codes for women FERA and CWA – hired less women than men CCC – hired men only
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A Philip Randolph Organized 1 st all black trade union Mary McLeod Bethune Headed Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration Organized “Black Cabinet” to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues Eleanor Roosevelt – Civil Rights Activist FDR – never fully committed to civil rights NRA, CCC, TVA – lower wages for blacks
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John Collier – Commissioner of Indian Affairs Indian Reorganization Act – moved away from assimilation toward autonomy Changes in three areas Economic Cultural Political
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MEXICAN-AMERICANS LABOR UNIONS & URBAN AREAS Migrant workers had no permanent address which disqualified them from government programs Received lower wages than African-Americans Put support behind FDR Most religious groups supported FDR
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GONE WITH THE WINDWAR OF THE WORLDS 1939 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mM8iNarcRc 1938 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g
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FEDERAL ART PROJECTAUTHORS WPA paid artists to product public art Murals Teach John Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath
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1937 Economy had improved Most felt Depression was ending FDR scaled back programs to cut costs Didn’t want to continue deficit spending 1939 Great Depression is over
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