1. Chapter 1:
Overview of the Body

2. Outline Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Human Body Orientation
C. Body Positions
D. Movement
E. Body Regions

3. A. Introduction
Anatomy (morphology): “cutting up”; the structural make-up of an organism
Physiology:
The functions of an organism

4. Fine or Microscopic Anatomy:
examines microscopic features of the body (cells / tissues)
Gross Anatomy: examines features of the body visible to the naked eye (systems / organs)
Pathology: study of human diseases

5. B. Human Body Orientation
When the body is in Anatomical Position it is:
1) in an erect posture,
2) with arms at the sides,
3) palms & feet facing
forward.

6. Directional orientation refers to the view one has of a person
Directional planes describe different ways a body can be viewed & divided
Directional orientation explains a particular view of a person.
Medial refers to the middle of the body.
Lateral refers to the sides of the body.
Superior, or cephalic, refers to a location near the head.
Inferior, or caudal, refers to a location near the feet.
Anterior, or ventral, refers to the front of the human body.
Posterior, or dorsal, refers to the back of the human body.
Directional planes are views of imaginary lines sliced through a person.
A sagittal section slices the body vertically into left and right sections.
A midsagittal section slices the body into equal left and right halves.
A frontal, or coronal, section slices the body vertically into anterior and posterior sections.
A transverse section slices the body horizontally into inferior and superior sections. 

7. Superior: toward the head Inferior: toward the feet
Directional Orientation
Superior:
toward the head
Inferior:
toward the feet
Ex. Lungs are superior to the diaphragm.

8. Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline
Directional Orientation
Medial:
toward the midline
Lateral:
away from the midline
Ex. Big toe is medial to the little toe.

9. close to an attachment point
Directional Orientation
Proximal :
close to an attachment point
Distal:
far from an attachment point
Ex. Elbow is proximal to the wrist.

10. Ex. Skin is superficial to muscles.
Directional Orientation
Superficial:
towards the surface
Deep
away from
the surface
Deep:
away from
the surface
Ex. Skin is superficial to muscles.

11. Anterior: front view Posterior: back view
(Ventral)
front view
Directional Orientation
Posterior:
(Dorsal)
back view
Ex. Chest is anterior to shoulder blades

12. Sagittal Plane: Midsagittal Plane:
Directional Planes
Sagittal Plane:
lengthwise planes dividing the body into right & left sections
Midsagittal Plane:
divides the body into equal halves

13. Frontal Plane: Coronal Plane:
Directional Planes
Frontal Plane:
divides the body vertically into anterior & posterior sections
Coronal Plane:
anterior & posterior sections referring to head region

14. Directional Planes
Transverse Plane:
divides the body horizontally into upper & lower sections

16. Concept Check 1 Define anatomy.
2. What is the difference between the study of fine anatomy and gross anatomy?
3. Distinguish the difference between the terms physiology and pathology?

17. Concept Check 2 Distinguish between the terms lateral and medial.
2. What is the difference between the terms inferior and distal?
3. What are alternate terms for anterior and posterior?

18. Concept Check 3
What is the difference between a sagittal plane and midsagittal plane?
2. Define the term frontal plane?
3. What does transverse plane mean?

19. C. Body postions SUPINE: body is lying face up PRONE:
down
Lithotomy:
legs are placed on supports
that hold the ankles and spread out the legs

20. D. Movement Antagonistic: opposing movements Flexion   Extension
Abduction   Adduction
Inversion   Eversion
Flexion: to bend a joint
Extension: to straighten a joint
Abduction: movement of the arm or leg away from the midline of the body
Adduction: movement of the arm or leg toward the midline of the body
Eversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves away from the midline of the body
Inversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves toward the midline of the body

21. E. Body Regions and Cavities
Body regions are divided into general locations, abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants
Body regions are divided into general locations, abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants.
Abdominopelvic regions include nine sections that divide up the abdominal and pelvic portions of the body.
Quadrants section the abdominal region into four portions.

24. Bilateral: – body parts located laterally on both sides of the body
Unilateral: – single body part found in a lateral location

25. The human body is naturally divided into internal cavities
Dorsal
cavity
The human body is naturally divided into internal cavities.
The body cavities contain specific body structures.
Ventral
cavity

26. Ventral Body Cavity Thoracic cavity: – esophagus, heart, lungs,
respiratory tree
Pleural cavities:
encase the lungs
Pericardial cavity:
encases heart

27. Cutting Edge Research: Smoking and the Thoracic Cavity
Pneumothorax – condition in which one or both lungs collapse
Spontaneous pneumothorax – occurs in the absence of injury to the chest or lungs;
7X more likely to occur in males than female
male smokers are 20X more likely to develop SP
than male nonsmokers
female smokers are 9X more likely to develop SP
than female nonsmokers

28. Abdominopelvic cavity: abdominal and pelvic regions
Abdominal : liver, gallbladder, intestines, kidneys, spleen, stomach
Pelvic: rectum, reproductve system, urinary bladder

29. Abdominopelvic Regions & Quadrants

30. Dorsal Body Cavity
Spinal cavity: spinal cord
Cranial cavity: brain

31. Online Review Game of Terms

32. Concept Check 4
Define the term antagonistic in relation to body movement.
Distinguish between the terms flexion and extension.
Name and describe the antagonistic movements for flexion, abduction, and eversion.

33. Concept Check 5 Define the abdominopelvic region.
What is the name of the center-most section of the abdominopelvic region?
How does the quadrant system differ from the abdominopelvic sections.

34. Concept Check 6
What structures are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Distinguish between the thoracic cavity and the spinal cavity.
3. What are the sections of the spinal cavity?

35. Case Study Investigation #1: Conclusion
What region did the knife enter? How do you know?
What organs can be found in this region? Why might it be dangerous if these organs are punctured?
Why do you think the patient is having trouble breathing? Is there a name for this condition?