1. Body Tissues and Membranes
Chapter 4

2. Lesson 1
Body Tissues

3. Do Now October 27, 2014 What are tissues?
Name 3 different types of tissues in our bodies.
Tissues

4. Tissue
Specialized cells of similar structures that perform common functions
1. Epithelial – covers and lines body surfaces and organs
2. Connective – binds and supports body parts
3. Muscular – contracts for voluntary and involuntary movements
4. Nervous – responds to stimuli

5. Epithelial Tissue Tightly packed External: Protects from drying out
Protects from injury
Protects from infection
Internal: protection and special jobs
Lines respiratory tract
Sweeps out toxins with cilia

6. Epithelial Tissue
Simple squamous – single layer of flattened cells, found in areas where simple diffusion occurs
Stratified squamous – many cell layers, plays a protective role
Simple cuboidal – single layer of cube-shaped cells attached to a basement membrane, found in glands, also covers the ovaries and lines kidney tubules
Stratified cuboidal – found lining the larger ducts of glands, has two layers

7. Epithelial Cells
Simple columnar – cells that are longer than they are wide, modified to perform particular functions, known for lining digestive organs
Pseudostratified columnar – appears to be layer, but true layers don’t exist, each cell touches basement membrane, tapered and narrow at one end
Transitional – changes is response to tension, found in lining of urinary bladder, ureters, part of urethra

8. Connective Tissue Functions: Classifications: Binds structures Support
Protection
Fill space
Produce blood cells
Store fat
Fibrous
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

9. Connective Tissue Fibrous
Loose – lies between other tissues or between organs
Ex. Adipose tissue (store fat)
Dense – contain thick bundles of collagen fibers
Ex. Tendons, ligaments

10. Connective Tissue
Cartilage – solid yet flexible, lack direct blood supply, heals very slowly
Three types
Hyaline – most common, strong and durable, yet flexible
found in nose, end of long bones and ribs, supporting rings of trachea
Elastic – more flexible than hyaline
Found in framework of outer ear
Fibrocartilage – strong collagen fibers, absorbs shock and reduces friction between joints

11. Connective Tissue Bone – most rigid connective tissue
Compact bone – outer portion of long bone, many cylindrical-shaped units called osteons
Spongy bone – numerous bony bars and plates, lighter, but designed for strength

12. Connective Tissue
Blood – composed of formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma
Types of formed elements
Red blood cells – carry oxygen
White blood cells – aid in fighting infection
Platelets – important for initiating blood clotting

13. Nervous Tissue Location: Functions: Brain Spinal cord
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Detect and respond to stimuli
Send messages through neurons

14. Neuron

15. Neuroglia Support and nourish neurons Make up half of the brain
Outnumber neurons 9:1

16. Brain Neuroglia Microglia: engulf bacteria and cell debris
Astrocytes: nutrients, hormone (growth factor) which may cure parkinsons
Oligodendrocytes: form myelin
Ependymal cells: line hollow cavities of the brain

17. In class assignment
Tissues Coloring worksheet (both sides)

18. Examining Muscle Tissue
Lesson 2
Examining Muscle Tissue

19. Do Now Take out homework from Monday night & Tissues Lab
Read pg. 70 Medical Focus: “Necrotizing Fasciitis”
Answer the following questions:
What causes Necrotizing Fasciitis?
What is necrotizing?
What are the symptoms?
What can you do to prevent this condition?

20. Muscular Tissue Contractile
Muscle fibers: proteins that slide across each other to contract/relax and create movement
Actin – Thin filament
Myosin – Thick filament

21. Skeletal Muscle Functions: Characteristics: Voluntary
Attaches tendons and ligaments to bone
Muscle contractions = shorten
Muscle relaxation = lengthen
Striated (striped)
Long
Cylindrical shaped
Multinucleated

22. Smooth Muscle Functions: Characteristics: Involuntary
Found in hollow organs
Ex: stomach, esophagus, bladder, intestines
Non-striated
Spindle shaped
Multinucleated

23. Cardiac Muscle Functions: Characteristics: Involuntary
Contracts to pump blood within the heart and blood vessels
Striated
Branched, look like one large muscle
Single nuclei

24. Extracellular Junction
Tight Junction: impermeable barrier (epithelial tissue)
Stomach, intestine, kidney, bladder
Gap Junction: allows small molecules
Heart for synchronization
Adhesion Junction: don’t touch, held together by filaments
Cervix to allow opening without tearing during childbirth

25. Match each type of extracellular junction to its function:
Content Check
Match each type of extracellular junction to its function:
Adhesion junction
Tight junction
Gap junction
Allows ions and small molecules to pass between cells
Prevent adjacent cells from tearing apart
Forms an impermeable barrier

26. In class Assignment
Muscle Cell Lab – Finish for homework

27. Glands/Cancer/Membranes
Lesson 3
Glands/Cancer/Membranes

28. Do Now Read pg. 76 Medical Focus: “Cancer – The Traitor Inside”
Answer the following questions
1. How does the reading characterize cancer?
2. How are cancers classified and briefly explain their classification?
3. What are types of treatments for cancer?

29. In class assignment Watch video MD Anderson “What is Cancer?”

30. Glands Cells which produce a product
Exocrine
Endocrine
Release products outside of the body
Ex: sweat, mammary
Release products internally
Promote homeostasis
Made up of epithelial tissues
Ex: thyroid, adrenal, testes, ovaries, pancreas, parathyroid

31. Membranes Functions: Types:
Line internal spaces of organs and tubes that open to the outside
Line body cavities
Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Meninges
Cutaneous

32. Mucous Membranes Functions: Examples:
Line interior walls of organs that open to the outside of the body
Protect from bacteria and viruses
Digestive
Respiratory
Excretory
reproductive

33. Serous Membranes Functions: Examples: Line cavities Cover organs
Epithelial tissue
Pleurae: line lungs
Pericardium: covers heart
Peritoneum: lines abdomen

34. Synovial Membranes Functions: Examples:
Line free moving joint cavities
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle

35. Meninges Cutaneous Protect brain and spinal cord Skin
Outer covering of the body
Keratin
Epithelial tissue

36. Match each type of membrane to its function:
Content Check
Match each type of membrane to its function: C
Synovial membrane
Cutaneous membrane
Mucous membrane
Forms outer covering of the body
Lines walls of organs that open to the outside of the body
Lines the interior of a joint capsule A B

37. Homework
Text pg. 81 “Study Questions” # 10-11

38. Lesson 4
Review

39. Do Now
Chapter 4 Review Sheet