1. Exam Review: Question 1
Which of the following factors is not a teratogen?
Environmental chemicals
Drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy
Multifactorial inheritance
Maternal factors

2. Exam Review: Question 1 Answer
Which of the following factors is not a teratogen?
Environmental chemicals
Drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy
Multifactorial inheritance
Maternal factors

3. Exam Review: Question 2
Which of the following statements about human birth defects is true?
During the organogenetic period, teratogenic agents disrupt development and cause major developmental abnormalities
Major anomalies are more common in newborn infants than in early embryos
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy do not have any effect on the developing embryo
Adrenal hyperplasia, resulting in androgen production in females do not cause masculinization of the external genitalia

4. Exam Review: Question 2 Answer
Which of the following statements about human birth defects is true?
During the organogenetic period, teratogenic agents disrupt development and cause major developmental abnormalities
Major anomalies are more common in newborn infants than in early embryos
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy do not have any effect on the developing embryo
Adrenal hyperplasia, resulting in androgen production in females do not cause masculinization of the external genitalia

5. Exam Review: Question 3 True False
During the first two weeks of development, teratogenic agents usually kill the embryo or have no effect.
True
False 

6. Exam Review: Question 3 Answer
During the first two weeks of development, teratogenic agents usually kill the embryo or have no effect.
True
False 

7. Exam Review: Question 4 True False
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), characterized by cataracts, heart defects and deafness, is caused by an infective agent that infects the mother and crosses the placenta to cause maldevelopment in the fetus.
True
False

8. Exam Review: Question 4 Answer
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), characterized by cataracts, heart defects and deafness, is caused by an infective agent that infects the mother and crosses the placenta to cause maldevelopment in the fetus.
True
False

9. Exam Review: Question 5
Which of the terms listed below best describes the following situation: chromosome 15 and 18 exchange genetic information?
Deletion
Mosaic
Translocation
Inversion

10. Exam Review: Question 5 Answer
Which of the terms listed below best describes the following situation: chromosome 15 and 18 exchange genetic information?
Deletion
Mosaic
Translocation
Inversion

11. Exam Review: Question 6
An infant is born with cataracts, cardiac defects and deafness. During the intrauterine period, the infant was most likely infected with:
Treponema pallidum
Toxoplasma gondii
Varicella-zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella virus

12. Exam Review: Question 6 Answer
An infant is born with cataracts, cardiac defects and deafness. During the intrauterine period, the infant was most likely infected with:
Treponema pallidum
Toxoplasma gondii
Varicella-zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella virus

13. Exam Review: Question 7
An individual with pentasomy of the sex chromosomes would possess a total chromosome number of: 47 48 49 50

14. Exam Review: Question 7 Answer
An individual with pentasomy of the sex chromosomes would possess a total chromosome number of: 47 48 49 50
*44 autosomes X, X, X, X, X

15. Exam Review: Question 8
Down syndrome is a result of meiotic non-disjunction of chromosome:  13 18 21 X

16. Exam Review: Question 8 Answer
Down syndrome is a result of meiotic non-disjunction of chromosome:  13 18 21 X

17. Trisomy 21

18. Exam Review: Question 9
Congenital anomalies associated with trisomy 21 can be classified as a:
Disruption
Non-disjunction
Deformation
Dysplasia

19. Exam Review: Question 9 Answer
Congenital anomalies associated with trisomy 21 can be classified as a:
Disruption
Non-disjunction
Deformation
Dysplasia

20. Nondisjunction

21. Exam Review: Question 10
Which of the following is the most common cause of human congenital anomalies?
Multifactorial inheritance
Chromosomal abnormalities
Mutant genes
Environmental agents
Unknown etiology

22. Exam Review: Question 10 Answer
Which of the following is the most common cause of human congenital anomalies?
Multifactorial inheritance
Chromosomal abnormalities
Mutant genes
Environmental agents
Unknown etiology

23. Causes of Human Congenital Anomalies or Birth Defects

24. Exam Review: Question 11
In dizygotic twins, zygotes that implant separately and apart would be expected to have:
Separate placentae and amniotic cavities
A shared placenta and a common amniotic cavity
A shared placenta and separate amniotic cavities
Separate placentae but a common amniotic cavity
A shared umbilical cord

25. Exam Review: Question 11 Answer
In dizygotic twins, zygotes that implant separately and apart would be expected to have:
Separate placentae and amniotic cavities
A shared placenta and a common amniotic cavity
A shared placenta and separate amniotic cavities
Separate placentae but a common amniotic cavity
A shared umbilical cord

27. Exam Review: Question 11
Parturition is the earliest stage of placental development.
True
False

28. Exam Review: Question 11 Review
Parturition is the earliest stage of placental development.
True
False
*“Parturition (childbirth) is the process during which the fetus, placenta, and fetal membranes are expelled from the mother's reproductive tract.” Moore and Persuad. The Developing Human.

29. Exam Review: Question 12
Perinatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the well-being of both the fetus and newborn infant.
True
False

30. Exam Review: Question 12 Answer
Perinatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the well-being of both the fetus and newborn infant.
True
False

31. Exam Review: Question 13
Intrauterine growth restriction can result from:
Maternal vascular disease
Intrauterine infection
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol consumption
All of the above

32. Exam Review: Question 13 Above
Intrauterine growth restriction can result from:
Maternal vascular disease
Intrauterine infection
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol consumption
All of the above

33. Exam Review: Question 14
Which can be performed earlier in a pregnancy?
CVS
Amniocentesis 

34. Exam Review: Question 14 Answer
Which can be performed earlier in a pregnancy?
CVS
Amniocentesis 

35. Exam Review: Question 15
During the organogenetic period of the development, teratogens have very little affect on the embryo.
True
False

36. Exam Review: Question 15 Answer
During the organogenetic period of the development, teratogens have very little affect on the embryo.
True
False

37. Questions