1. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” New Perspectives and Programs in Italy for Advanced Applications of High Brightness Beams Genesis of a Program for an Italian Coherent X-ray Source : Fasella Panel & the PNR (Nat. Research Plan) The F.I.S.R. Call for Proposals (11 M¤): the Project SPARC @ LNF-INFN (9.5 M¤) is selected The F.I.R.B. Call (96 M¤ ): the 2 Proposals SPARX (ENEA/CNR/INFN/Tor Vergata Un.) and Fermi@Elettra (INFM/ST) aiming at building a 1.5 nm SASE-FEL Luca Serafini INFN-Milan and University of Milan

2. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” X-ray sources over the last 100 years SASE-FELs will allow an unprecedented upgrade in Source Brilliance Why a Coherent X-ray Source in Italy ?

3. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Covering from the VUV to the 1 Å X-ray spectral range

4. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” This Ultra-Bright Coherent Radiation opens up new Research Frontiers in several fields: Atomic physics Plasma and warm dense matter Femtosecond chemistry Life science Single Biological molecules and clusters Imaging / holography Micro and nano lithography X-rays are the ideal probe for determining the structure of matter on the atomic and molecular scale

5. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Radiation properties of a “4th generation source” FELs

6. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Electron Beam Energy13 ÷50GeV Normalized Emittance1.6mm-mrad Peak Current5.0kA Energy spread2.5 MeV Wavelength 1÷5 Å Peak Coherent Power37GW Peak Brightness *8.3 10 33 Average Brightness * 4.910 25 * photons/sec/mm 2 /mrad 2 /0.1%-BW TESLA-FEL Linac - Undulator Parameters What does it take to build a SASE X-ray FEL? Undulator Period3cm Undulator Length100m Undulator Parameter1.7 100 M¤  1 G¤ Initiative

7. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” In 1998 Three Crucial Aspects of this Scenario drove the National Scientific Community and the Italian Dept. of Research (M.U.R.S.T.) to undertake a concrete initiative Funding Requirements and Man Power Requested for such a Program Strong and Wide Interdisciplinary Interest of National Res. Institutes (ENEA, CNR, INFN, INFM) Existence of Two Major Proposals in the Intern. Scenario (LCLS @ SLAC & TESLA-FEL @ DESY) strongly linked to serious R&D effort in the High Brightness Beam Field

8. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” A Strong Push from Arcidosso 2000 The 19th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources Physics and Science with The X-ray Free-Electron Laser (Arcidosso, Italy, September 10-15, 2000) C. Pellegrini and M. Cornacchia The Italian Community gathers under the auspices of that scientific environment The real work starts to prepare a proposal (among others, A. Renieri, M. Ferrario, M. Mattioli, L. Palumbo, P. Perfetti, LS, G. D’Auria)

9. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” 1998 - The Fasella Panel A panel lead by Paolo Fasella held a meeting in Sept. 1998 at the Nat. Res. Dept., focused on the realisation in Italy of a Ultra-high Brilliance X-ray Source : among others (A.Renieri, P.Perfetti, E.Iarocci, P.Laurelli, G.Vignola, G. Margaritondo) C. Rubbia and Björn Wiik, attending the meeting, strongly encouraged the preparation of a proposal to the Italian Government. Summaries of the meeting came out with serious recommendations to the Gov. to fund future initiatives in the field 2000 – PNR (National Research Plan) The Italian Gov. responded by allocating 96 M¤ for a Multi-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance + 11 M¤ for R&D activity focused on SASE-FEL’s driven by High Brightness Electron Beams The Milestones

10. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” The National Research Plan (PNR) Funded by 10% of the money raised in the Government Auction run in 2000 for Next Gen. Cellular Network licences (UMTS), it encompasses 10 programs (Genoma, Nanotechnologies, X-ray laser, etc.) for a total of 1033 M¤. Large Infrastructures (a section of PNR) were foreseen for 2 initiatives: 1) Multi-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance 96 M¤ 2) Center for the climate study of the Mediterranean 21 M¤ aiming at driving and/or consolidating the development of european initiatives The Italian Gov. responded to the recommendation by the Fasella Panel National Research Institutions were supposed to prepare proposals: 67 M¤ will cover the 70% of the budget (hardware). The additional 30%(man power) has to be added by Institutions (or Collaboration) winning the call for proposals

11. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Two tools for funding the X-ray FEL Program: FISR (fondo integrativo speciale ricerca) for R&D FIRB (fondo investimenti ricerca di base) for FEL FISR (Fondo Integrativo Speciale Ricerca) Call for proposals published in February 2001 11 M¤ allocated for R&D on Innovative components for high intensity VUV and X, coherent and incoherent multi-purpose sources Joint proposal by CNR-ENEA-INFN-Tor Vergata Univ.- INFM-ST for a 150 MeV ultrabrilliant photoinjector and a UV-SASE experiment

12. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” INFN : ultra-brilliant photoinjector at 150 MeV 4.4 M¤ Control the beam emittance Control the energy spread Compress the bunch-length by a factor >5 Explore the feasibility of the RF compressor ENEA : undulator for SASE-FEL @ 520-150 nm (green-UV) 3.2 M¤ Investigate the mechanism of High Order Harmonics generation CNR : Optics for X-rays manipulation 1.3 M¤ INFM : Soft X-ray Source 0.6 M¤ TASKS The rev. committee selected the Project SPARC in December 2001 with 85% allocation of the requested budget (9.5 M¤ vs. 11 M¤)

13. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Frequency: 2856 MHz Normal Conducting GUN PARAMETERSLINAC PARAMETERS Peak Field: 120-140 MV/m (15 MW)Accelerating Field: 25-30 MV/m (50 MW) Solenoid Field: 0.3 Tesla Solenoid Field: 0.1 Tesla Charge: 1 nC Beam Energy: 150 MeV Laser: 10 ps x 1 mm (Flat Top) 8 m 150 MeV Photo-injector R&D proposed at LNF 3 Major Components

14. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” 10 copies of this gun operated routinely around the world (USA, Japan): it holds the emittance record courtesy of D. T. Palmer

15. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Laser System

16. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Temporal distributions of shaped UV laser pulses by a X-ray streak camera Gaussian pulse shape Square pulse shape The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse: The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse: 5~25% @ 4~14 ps FWHM 5~25% @ 4~14 ps FWHM The fluctuation of shaped pulse length: The fluctuation of shaped pulse length: 7% (pulse-to-pulse)@both shapes 7% (pulse-to-pulse)@both shapes Achieving Uniform Bunch Distributions using Flat-Top Laser Pulses @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA Courtesy of F. Sakai

17. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”  mm-mrad/nC  mm-mrad Gaussian(9ps) 1.85±0.13 0.83±0.05 Square (9ps) 0.92±0.05 0.81±0.03 Laser pulse length: 9ps FWHM Emittance measurements for gaussian and square laser pulse shapes The reduction of the linear space-charge emittance for the square pulse shape: ~50%. ~50%. Courtesy of F. Sakai Achieving Record Emittances @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA

18. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” S-band photoinjector up to 150 MeV, HOMDYN simulation (RF Gun + 2 Traveling Wave Structures) Q=1nC, L=10ps, R=1 mm, E peak =140 MV/m, TW E acc = 25 MV/m Final emittance = 0.4  m Matching onto the Local Emittance Max. Ferrario’s working point, adopted by LCLS and TTF-FEL II injectors

19. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” NEW CONCEPTS Velocity Bunching in Photoinjectors i.e. Compression during Acceleration Alternative option of bunch compression  high brightness sub-ps beams (as needed by X-Ray SASE Fel’s) Compression is rectilinear (no Coherent Synch. Radiation effects), based on longitudinal focusing in slow RF waves Performed at low energy (10-80 MeV), fully integrated into the emittance correction process (for maximum brightness) LS and M. Ferrario, AIP 581 (2001) 87

20. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Slow wave structure Standard v=c structure Compression during acceleration Velocity Bunching, an example on LCLS injector Current scaling with energy

21. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” SPARC Project @ INFN-LNF Collab. Among ENEA-INFN-CNR- Univ. Roma2-ST- INFM C. Ronsivalle

22. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” SPARC Linac located in an existing underground Bunker @ LNF

23. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”

24. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” A view of the complex with Shielding Ground removed

25. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” A view of the complex with Shielding Ground and building roof removed

26. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”

27. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Bunker is available as of today with utilities: it needs to be cleaned up

28. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”

29. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”

30. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” SPARC Lay-out

31. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” SPARC Linac: the Time Table We are waiting for delivery of the funding to our Institutions: released by a Techn. Committee of the Res. Department (MIUR)

32. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FIRB (Fondo Investimenti Ricerca di Base) Call for proposals published in December 2001 96 M¤ allocated for the realization of an Ultra-brilliant multi-purpose pulsed X-Rays Laser. SPARX proposal submitted on Feb. 26th 2002 by a collaboration among CNR-ENEA-INFN-Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” Fermi@Elettra proposal submitted by INFM & Sincrotrone Trieste

33. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” SPARX Study Group CNR Avaldi L., Camilloni R. (I.M.I.P.-C.N.R.) Carbone C., Colonna S., Cricenti A., De Padova I.P., Lagomarsino S., Ottaviani C., Perfetti P., Prosperi T., Quaresima C., Rossi Albertini V., Zema N. (I.S.M.-C.N.R.) Pifferi A. (I.C.-C.N.R.) ENEA R. Bartolini, F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Doria, F. Flora, G. P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. Messina, L. Mezi, P. L. Ottaviani, L.Picardi, M. Quattromini, A. Renieri e C. Ronsivalle. INFN D.Alesini, S.Bertolucci, M. E. Biagini, C.Biscari, R.Boni, M.Boscolo, M.Castellano, A.Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A.Drago, A.Esposito, M.Ferrario, V.Fusco, A.Gallo, A.Ghigo, S.Guiducci, M.Incurvati, P.Laurelli, C.Ligi, F.Marcellini, M. Migliorati, C.Milardi, L.Palumbo, L.Pellegrino, M.Preger, R.Ricci, C.Sanelli, F.Sgamma, B.Spataro, A.Stecchi, A.Stella, F.Tazzioli, C.Vaccarezza, M.Vescovi, V.Verzilov, C.Vicario, M.Zobov (INFN /LNF) E. Acerbi, F.Alessandria, D.Barni, G.Bellomo, C. Birattari, M.Bonardi, I.Boscolo, A.Bosotti, F.Broggi, S.Cialdi, C.DeMartinis, D.Giove, C.Maroli, P.Michelato, L.Monaco, C.Pagani, V.Petrillo, P.Pierini, L. Serafini, D.Sertore, G.Volpini (INFN /Milano) E. Chiadroni, G. Felici, D. Levi, M. Mastrucci, M.Mattioli, G. S. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1) UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA “TOR VERGATA” S. Stucchi, D. Flamini, C. Schaerf, L. Catani, A Cianchi, A. Desideri, S. Morante, S. Piccirillo, N. Rosato, V. Sessa, M.L. Terranova

34. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” What can we do with 67 M ¤ (+30% m.p.) ? Which Linac for what FEL r ? This is the first X-ray FEL initiative for which the Linac is not available or provided by other programs The study group decided to start a broad band investigation to compare different schemes and technologies The aim was to develop a program able to reach a wavelength range of interest (i.e. with a good scientific case), consistent with the available budget. As indicated by the Presidents of the collaborating Institutions, the project is meant to be evolutionary, that is compatible to a long term upgrade expected to reach the final goal of a 1 Å Coherent Radiation Source

35. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” L. Giannessi A good Scientific Case in the 10 nm  1 nm range: High Peak Brightness ( > 10 30 ) Ultra-short (< 100 fs) radiation pulses are of great interest in various areas Steps at 10 nm and 1.5 nm, paving the road toward 1 Å

36. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” E [GeV]2.5  [%] 0.1 I [kA]2.5 u [cm] 3 K1.669 Gap [mm]12 3D simulation with GENESIS

37. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Which technology for a 2.5 GeV Linac with long term evolution toward 1 Å ? 2.5 GeV is consistent with = 1.5 nm  [nm] 1.5  1 Å I [kA] 2.5  3-5  n [  m] 2(1)   1  [%]  0.1   0.07 T [GeV] 2.5   10

38. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Examined two solutions: S-band Room-Temperature S-band Photoinector with RF Compressor RF Gun + 4 SLAC TW SLAC TW Acc. Structures Magnetic Compressor 1 GeV 700 A 150 MeV 700 A 2.5 GeV 2.5 kA SLAC TW Acc. Structures 200 m E acc = 18-20 MeV/m

39. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” With RF compression R 56 =40 mm T=1 GeV I=700 -> 2 kA M. Ferrario

40. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” L-band Super-Conducting S-band Photoinector with RF Compressor RF Gun + 4 SLAC TW L-band RF Gun 6 MeV 50 A 150 MeV 800 A 500 MeV 800 A 2.5 GeV 2.5 kA 3 TESLA Criomodules 10 TESLA Criomodules M.C.

41. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”  (S-band)  n =0.42  m @ I = 100 A (L-band)  n =0.8  m @ I = 50 A

42. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” L-band injector + Linac

43. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” 5m5m 3 m 4 m 8m 3 m 4 m Ondulatore

44. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” 100 m 2.5 GeV 10 GeV 1500 m 0m0m 210 m 735 m

45. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” Cost of a 1.5 nm source Costs (in M¤) are expected to be restricted to Linac 34 Undulators10 Radiation beam lines10 Contingency13 Linac’s Cost Estimates are: L-band Linac (Tesla type) 40 (injector included) S-band Linac (Slac type) 32 (injector included) Infrastructures: 12.5 M¤ (funding request subm. to reg. gov.)

46. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” The budget is consistent with the goal of 1.5 nm We have an innovative solution for the Linac lay-out which appears to relax the criticality of beam compression We have identified two possible options : 1)S-band Linac is technologically simpler and less expensive L-band Linac with add. S-band injector requires a stronger effort and larger cost but offers more flexibility w.r.t. the evolution toward 1 Å. Conclusions on SPARX The facility can be built inside the “TorVergata” Campus

47. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” 1) Use of the existing 1.0 GeV linac with a new photoinjector and bunch compressor(s) for the production of 40 nm radiation. Commissioning of 40 nm beamline after 2.5 years. Open to Users after 3.5 years. 2) Use of the linac with increased beam quality for a second beamline at 10 nm. Commissioning of beamline after 3.5 years. Open to Users after 4.5 years. 3) Extension of the linac to an operation energy of 3.0 GeV and increased improvement of beam quality for the production of 1.5 nm radiation. Done in parallel with other developments. Commissioning after 5.5 years and open to Users after 6.5 years. The project is articulated along three lines of development allowing gradual improvements and consolidation of technologie s FERMI@ELETTRA A Linac based Ultra-bright Photon Source @ 3rd gen. Light Source site

48. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Layout Experimental FEL Hall Undulator Building Linac Tunnel (Extension) Linac Building (Actual) Beamlines from ELETTRA

49. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Associated Parameters Electron beam parameters Photon parameters Undulator parameters Brightness of ELETTRA Photon Sources

50. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Seeding Various Seeding techniques are “available” High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) has been considered Seed schemes will be used at 40 and 10 nm, permitting Stability Reproducibility Temporal control For 1.2 nm the development, if possible, of a seed scheme otherwise SASE

51. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” External laser matched to an undulator imprints energy modulation Laser intensity must be greater than shot power in first gain lengths Leads to micro-bunching (optionally use a dispersive section to enhance micro- bunching) Micro-bunches contain higher harmonics of laser wavelength Pass beam through radiator The laser must be tuneable  Use Ti Sapphire Laser - 400 to 180 nm W. Fawley FERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG)

52. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) Seed laser = 200 nm P in = 30 MW Electron Beam E = 1 GeV I = 600 A  = 2 mm mrad  = 0.0005 Modulator 200 nm Amplifier 40 nm HGHG FEL = 40 nm P out = 0.92 GW Dispersion section L.H. Yu

53. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA General Linac Upgrade 40 and 10 nm 1)Substitution of present gun with a high brightness gun (photoinjector). 2)Installation of one (or more) bunch compression units. 3)Increase the repetition rate from 10 to 50 (100) Hz. 4)Revision of RF plants to guarantee stability of amplitude and synchronisation. 1.2 nm 5)Increased energy (NC or SC) to 3.0 GeV with operational margin (3.5 GeV) 6)Additional bunch compression

54. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Compression Schemes - 1.0 GeV For 40 and 10 nm two possible schemes using BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 Cell photoinjector ( 6 to 7 MeV, 100 A, 2 mm-mrad normalised emittance) Scheme A 1) 1.6 Cell BNL/SLAC/UCLA photoinjector 2) longitudinal RF bunch compression to 250 fs/0.6 kA Scheme B 1) Use of full 150 MeV LCLS photoinjector (1.6 Cell photoinjector + Linac 0) 2) Off -crest acceleration along S0A and S0B for energy chirping 3) Linearisation of bunch charge using an X-band structure 4) Magnetic compression at 150 MeV to 250 fs/0.6 kA

55. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (1.0 GeV) Start to end simulations (M. Borland - APS) Scheme B 1)Using output from LCLS parmela run (courtesy of C. Limborg - SLAC) as input to elegant 2)Start: 0.5 Million particles (1 nC in 10 ps, normalised emittance doubled to 1.5 mm mrad) 3)Energy chirping and X-band used to linear distribution (minimises CSR) 4)Wake fields included (courtesy of P. Emma - SLAC) 5)Exact sinusoidal field dependence 6)Non-linear terms in dipoles and chromatic effects 7)CSR effects in all dipoles accounted for Results

56. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (3.0 GeV) Start to end simulations - M. Borland (APS) Scheme A 1)3.0 GeV 2)Second magnetic compressor at 1.6 GeV For 1.2 nm : same initial configuration as for 10 nm with 1) Second magnetic compression between 1.0 and 1.6 GeV to reach 2.5 kA. 2) Energy increase to 3.0 GeV Normal conducting solution (36 x 3 m sections + 9 RF plants) Superconducting solution (15 TESLA cryomodules + 5 RF plants)

57. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” FERMI@ELETTRA Undulator Hall Beam Transport

58. Chia Laguna - Sardinia July 1-6, 2002 ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ” CONCLUSIONS We expect the Research Department to nominate an International Review Committee soon The final decision of this committee is foreseen by the end of this year The Design of an Italian Coherent X-ray Source should start (somewhere in Italy) in 2003 with the aim to deliver a TDR in 2004 Thanks to : C. Bocchetta, R. Boni, M. Ferrario, L. Giannessi, D. Palmer, L. Palumbo, A. Renieri, C. Ronsivalle, F. Sakai, C. Sanelli for useful discussions and/or the material provided