1. Microbial Biotechnology Commercial Production of Microorganism
LECTURE 11:
Microbial Biotechnology Commercial Production of Microorganism
Biotechnology; 3 Credit hours
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

2. Commercial Production of Microorganism
Biochemist define fermentation as anaerobic process;
That generate energy by the breakdown of the organic compound
The end product can be microbial metabolite;
Lactic acid
Enzyme
Alcohol, ethanol, butanol and acetone

3. Commercial Production of Microorganism
Industrial users of fermentation have broadened the definition to include;
Any process that produce bacteria or fungi as the end product
Biotransformation; transformation by cells of a compound added to the fermentation medium of a commercially valuable compound
In large scale fermentation metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are provided to enable the propagation of microbial cell or biomass

4. Bioreactor (Fermenter)
Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are cultured under controlled conditions in large chamber called fermenter or bioreactor

6. Steps of Fermentation
Sterilization of fermenter and associated equipment
Preparation and sterilization of the culture medium
Preparation of the pure culture for inoculation of the medium culture in the fermenter vessel
Cell growth and synthesis of the desired product under a specific set of conditions

7. Steps of Fermentation
Product extraction and purification or cell collection
Disposal of expended medium and cell, and cleaning of the bioreactor and equipment

8. Industrial Fermenter
Fermentation technology is linked with the improved productive performance of microorganism by optimizing their growth conditions
Most of the organism used in fermentation are aerobic; because aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic metabolism
Beside requiring oxygen for rapid growth they need a consistent pH in growth medium, temperature conditions, a supply of nutrients and an antifoaming agent

9. Fermenter types Stirred Tank Reactor Airlift Fermenter
It relies on an agitator to circulate oxygen
Airlift Fermenter
It supplies oxygen to the culture through an intake valve in the bottom of the culture vessel

10. Continuous Fermenter
In continuous fermentation, nutrients are fed into the fermenter while an equal volume of the products, cells and medium is collected

11. Continuous Fermenter
It allow continuous culture growth to be maintained for long time
This method is more suitable for obtaining compound that are produced proportionally to cell growth, such as primary metabolite i.e. vitamin, enzyme etc.
It also suitable for waste water treatment or degrading organic compound

12. Batch Culturing or Fermentation
Cells, products and medium are collected after the fermentation process has been terminated
This method is preferred when synthesis of the products does not depend on the amount of cell biomass

13. Solid Substrate Fermentation
Microorganism are grown on solid substrate that are not submerged in liquid media
Oxygen is more readily available to the cell as they are direct in contact with it
Product recovery is much easy in this procedure
corn-soybean meal based diets
By Solid substrate fermenter for animals

15. Single Cell Protein
A monoculture of algal, bacterial or fungal cell has a protein content that is 70-80% of its dry weight
When such culture are grown in large volume for use as human or live stock feed supplements, it is called single cell protein
SCP is rich in nutrients as minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids as well essential amino acids like lysine and methionine which are absent in plant protein

17. Single Cell Protein
SCP is produced by using inexpensive substrate to supply nitrogen and carbon
For example carbohydrate containing raw materials, waste from cheese production and pulp mils
SCP may contain toxic compound
Nucleic acid, hepatoxins, heavy metals absorbed from the substrate
Effective research is needed to remove these toxic compound from SCP