1. Weather, Climate & Water Services
Dr. D.P. Dubey
Scientist E
Meteorological Centre, Bhopal (India) -

2. Weather, climate and water information contributes to the safety and welfare of the public & has the potential to provide immense social and economic benefits to society.
It educate about important issues such as :
variability in weather
climate change
vulnerability to natural hazards
water resources

3. It is not sufficient to employ good science
and provide accurate forecasts.
There is also a need to educate public, and more specialized users, about availability of services .

4. India Water Resources Management

5. Monsoon rainfall

8. Main crop
Kharif - June to Sept.
Rabi Oct to April.

9. L

10. Operational communication to end-users (farmers)
State Met Centres
Agromet Advisory Bulletin by AMFUs
Postal Contact
Personal Contact
Radio
News Papers
KVK
State Agril. Dept.
Farmer
Television
SMS on mobile

11. Weather forecast
Short range
Medium range
Long range

12. ASSESSMENTS

13. Climate Change

15. ASSESSMENTS
Source : IPCC

16. GLOBAL ASSESSMENTS – IPCC PROJECTIONS
AVE. SURFACE TEMP. INCREASE 1.5 TO 5.8ºC
RATE OF WARM LARGE
MEAN SEA LEVEL RISE 0.09 TO 0.88 MTRS
WATER VAP. CONCENTR. / PRECIP. TO INCREASE
LOW LATITUDE REGIONS MEAN PRECIP. TO INCREASE
ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON PRECIP. INCREASE
EL-NINO EVENTS VARY IN NEXT 100 YEARS IN SMALL BUT INCREASE

17. REGIONAL EFFECTS: Asia
Freshwater Availability:
Decreased river flows after glaciers recede; will decrease.
Floods:
Glacier melt in Himalayas; sea level rise in deltas
Crop yield:
Increase up to 20% in E and SE; decrease up to 30% in S and
central Asia by 2050; hunger risk high

18. Observed impacts in South Asia
Intense Rains and Floods
Serious and recurrent floods in Bangladesh,
Nepal and N-E India in 2002, 2003 and 2004
Rainfall in Mumbai (India), 2005: 1 million
people lost their homes
50% of droughts associated with El Niño
Droughts in Orissa (India) in : crop
failures, mass starvation affecting 11 million
people
Droughts
Cyclones / Typhoons
Increasing intensity of cyclones formation in Bay
of Bengal and Arabian Sea since 1970
Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, 2008: 100, 000 deaths

19. EVIDENCES / EVENTS NILAM CYCLONE (2012) DROUGHT HITS HEAT WAVE IN
KARNATAKA
2008
HEAT WAVE IN
NORTHERN INDIA
2007
COLD WAVE IN
NORTH
2006
NILAM CYCLONE (2012)

21. INDIA
Vulnerability to Climate Change

22. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE CASE SEA LEVEL RISE ??

23. Coastal Zones
Sea level rise displace populations in coastal zones, increase flooding in low-lying coastal areas, loss of crop yields from inundation and salinization.
7500 km coast line
Vulnerable areas along the Indian Coast due to SLR

24. Variability in Weather & Climate
• Heat / Cold Wave
• More variable R/F
• Increased Extremes Weather Events
• Erratic Onset, advance and
retrieval of Monsoon
• Shift in Active/break cycles
• Intensity and frequency of Monsoon
Systems

25. Agriculture
Decrease in yield of crops as temperature increases in different parts of India –
2°C increase in mean air temperature, rice yields could decrease by about 0.75 ton/hectare in the high yield areas and by about 0.06 ton/hectare in the low yield coastal regions.
Major impacts of climate change will be on rain fed crops (other than rice and wheat), which account for nearly 60% of cropland area. In India poorest farmers practice rain fed agriculture.
The loss in farm-level net revenue will range between 9 and 25% for a temperature rise of 2-3.5°C.

26. Factors influencing agriculture and food security
Increasing population
Growing urbanization
Decreasing crop land
Continuing crop loss
Declining crop production
Declining bio-diversity

27. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production in India

28. Adaptations to Climate change
Improve land management practices-soil &nutrients
Increase water management
Reduce inefficiency in water use
Preserve and enhance plant and animal
Adjust food consumption patterns
Promote eco-friendly energy use
Shift to different cropping patterns

29. Climate Friendly Initiative
Wide-ranging reforms such as:
energy efficiency
increasing penetration of cleaner fuels
thrust for renewable energy technologies
cleaning of rivers,
enhanced forestation,
installed significant capacity of hydro and renewable energy
technologies and
introduced clean coal technologies
cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel

30. Water

31. Key Vulnerable River Basins
Acute physical water scarce conditions
Constant water scarcities and shortage
Seasonal / regular water stressed conditions
Rare water shortages

32. The Indian situation this, 40 % is not available.
• Surface and ground water availability - 1,869 BCM of
this, 40 % is not available.
Groundwater Consumption:
92% - Agricultural
5% - Industrial
3% - Domestic.
Surface water Consumption:
89% - Agricultural
2% - Industrial
9% - Domestic.

33. The Indian situation
Groundwater is the major source of water in the country with 85% of the population dependent.
Groundwater water table decline - 33 centimeters per year.

34. SCARCITY The Indian situation Groundwater [Depleted]
Surface water [Polluted]
Rainfall [Wasted]
Population [ ]
Demand [ ]
Consumption [ ]
SCARCITY
Industrial Growth [ ]
Economy-Industry [ ]
Water Business[ ]
Agriculture [ ]
Health & Environment[ ]
Future [ ? ]

35. The Indian situation

36. Challenges ….
Public
Wasting Water
Polluting Water

37. Challenges ….
Safety of industrial establishments from surplus surface water and floods
Lack of proper draining facilities
Uncontrolled exploitation of ground water by some industrial establishments

38. Challenges … 2020 India will become a water stressed nation.
66 million Indians in 20 states are at risk due to
excess fluoride
10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater

39. Solution … Rain Water Harvesting Irrigation Water Management
Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams
Artificial Recharge to Ground Water.

40. Solution …
National River Linking Project

41. Solution …
The much-awaited seawater desalination plant, the largest in the country with a capacity of 100 MLD (million litres per day), coming up near Minjur about 35 km north of Chennai .
Under the technology, developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), warm water is pumped into a vacuum flash chamber and the resultant vapour is condensed using cold water to get crystal clear potable water.
Desalinated water is of a better quality and the cost is only 6 paise per litre.

42. Solution … Water awareness groups among social media
networking sites like Twitter,
Facebook are creating new trend among the social
awareness groups.
Its not a solution to be found, it should be a RESOLUTION everyone should take.

43. Thank you