1. BIOSAFETY Presented by: Leonard LaFazia

2. Introduction Development of Biosafety Practices 1941 - Meyer and Eddie 74 lab associated brucellosis infections in US 1949 - Sulkin and Pike 222 viral infections (21 fatal) Only 27% related to known accidents

4. Classification of biological samples Infectious substances Diagnostic specimens

5. Why Biosafety Practices? Protection: workers “products” co-workers lab support personnel environment

9. Precautions during sample collection Protect collector, colleague, staff... wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses)  VHF: double gloves, filer-masks, boots dispose needles in special containers, without re- capping, disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5% ), incineration clean working surfaces (hypochlorite) decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10% )

10. HIV or AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 35,000 people are infected annually An infected person may carry the virus for years before symptoms appear No cure and no vaccine at present

11. HBV or Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver - most common bloodborne disease Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread the disease Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA annually

12. Bloodborne Diseases HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS - no cure or vaccination HBV: Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease - vaccination available Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis Syphilis Malaria

13. Means of Transmission - Must Enter Body HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids Sexual contact with an infected partner Sharing infected needles Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is contaminated with infected blood, body fluids Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts, sores Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes, mouth.

14. General Lab Requirements: Safety Knowledgeable supervisor Knowledgeable personnel Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices & techniques Lab specific biosafety manual

15. Special Practices Strictly follow guidelines: Demonstrate proficiency Receive appropriate training Report incidents Participate in medical surveillance

19. Laboratory safety

20. Special procedures Decontaminate work surfaces Report spills and accidents No animals in laboratories

21. Decontamination Agent Selection: Degree of microbial killing required Nature of item/ surface to be treated Ease of use Safety Cost

28. Centrifuge Hazard: Mechanical failure of machine Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.) Aerosol generation Operator error

29. Use safety cups whenever possible Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakages Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly Do not use rotors that have been dropped

30. Check tubes for cracks/ chips. Use matched sets of tubes, buckets etc. Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups. Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated. Close lid during operation. Allow to come to complete stop before opening.

32. Protect Yourself Universal Precautions TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS. Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis, chapping, small cracks allow germs to enter the body First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible with blood or body fluids Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water for several minutes

33. Clean-Up and Safe Housekeeping After an accident, the entire area must be cleaned with disinfectant Cleaning equipment must be disinfected Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or goggles if appropriate Restrict access to the area Use disposable towels - dispose of properly

34. Other Exposure Hazards Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, body fluids ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used syringes in trash Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom & dustpan Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp objects

35. Common Sense Rules Wash hands & remove protective clothing before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth while cleaning Frequent handwashing is best defense against spreading infection

36. Summary Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts Practice good personal hygiene Follow work rules, use gloves and protective clothing Wash your hands often, after work or exposure Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to supervisors