1. Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Agricultural Statistics of China Zhao Jianhua Oct. 2007

2. Background and Significance ： The challenges that statistic work has to confront The statistic industry has been lying in the key period of rapid development and in-depth innovation. The Central Party Committee and the State Council have proposed new requirements to the statistic work. The social public have also put forward new hope. The statistic work still confront with a series of problems and challenges, among which the various doubts cast on the statistic credit is most challenging.

3. 国家统计总体需求 以 3S 为代表的空间信息技术，是实现统 计工作技术提升、理念革新的关键支撑技 术 实现国家统计手段的革命性发展，更好地支持 宏观决策与管理，为社会提供优质的空间统计 信息服务 提高统计信誉，提高数据质量，用先进技术 改造传统的统计方式，提高统计工作水平 1.Ameliorate the statistic basic units ： Realize the spatialization and the interactive conversion of the general survey districts 2. Ameliorate the statistic survey methods ： Establish the Earth/Residence Sampling Survey System 3. Ameliorate the statistic survey technology ： Realize the complete coverage survey on the main grain crop planting area and yield estimation 4. Expand the statistic survey fields ： Develop survey on the resources and environment statistic index Background and Significance ： The needs of statistic work to 3S technology

4. Improve the efficiency of statistic work Enhance the quality of statistic data Improve the ability of statistic service Elevate the operational running level of 3S technology Provide demonstration for applications of 3S technology in other departments Background and Significance ： The significance of the program in practice

5. The development of 3S technology and research in the related fields established solid technical foundation for the integration of Remote Sensing and Statistics. The 3S technology has obtained elementary application in certain aspects of the national statistic operation. The existing information platform, network facilities, giant ground survey system and personnel of the National Bureau of Statistics of China established favorable material foundation for the implementation of the program. Background and Significance ： The existing groundwork

6. Prophase Research and Application The Remote Sensing application in the agricultural statistics of China has made great progress.  Related research has been developed  Agricultural condition monitoring system has been established  Crop Watch System with Remote Sensing From the application of single remote sensing data to the integration of multiple remote sensing data Yield estimation with remote sensing from single type of crop to multiple types of crops Yield estimation with remote sensing from small regions to multiple cities and provinces

7. The meteorological departments have built up the meteorological satellites monitoring and yield estimation system for the winter wheat in North China The Chinese Academy of Sciences have established the large- area “ Remote Sensing Yield Estimation Test Running System” and completed partial groundwork of the nationwide Remote Sensing yield estimation In 1999, the Remote Sensing Application Center of the Ministry of Agriculture developed the test running work of the nationwide crop yield estimation with Remote Sensing and the agricultural resources monitoring system, monitoring the change of arable land, the area, condition and disaster of the grain and cotton crops Since 1998, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been developing the GVG instrument on transect line, which is mainly for crop condition monitoring and yield forecasting, etc. Prophase Research and Application

8. From 2003 to 2005, NBS united with Beijing Normal University (BNU) has assumed the 863 Program “Crop Planting Area Remote Sensing Monitoring Technical Specification and Application” （ NO. 2003AA131080 ）, established the Crop Planting Area Remote Sensing Survey Technical System and specification based on the integration of the multi-scale remote sensing data and field mass samples, and realized the operational extension survey on crop planting area for five grain main production provinces with Remote Sensing. The research results will provide solid theoretical and practical foundation for the operational departments to realize crop planting area remote sensing survey in China and have favorable effects on further promoting the operational application of remote sensing technology in the agriculture. From 2002 to 2004, NBS united with BNU has assumed the 863 Program “East-China Ecological Assets Remote Sensing Synthesized Survey Technology and application Demonstration”. From 2001 to 2002, NBS united with BNU has assumed the 863 Program “Multi-scale Ecological Assets Remote Sensing Synthesized Survey Technology and application Demonstration”(2001AA136060). The Ecological Assets Remote Sensing Survey System has been established. Prophase Research and Application

9. The technical method of crop planting area survey and accuracy checkup has been established so far based on the mass field samples and the integration of multi-scale remote sensing data. According to the realistic needs of the extension of the program and operation, a series of models and technical methods have been researched on for amelioration. Single scale (single-temporal/multi-temporal) crop planting area survey methods which include NDVI time series, NDVI segmentation, unsupervised classification, and ecological parameters classification. Multi-scale (integration of medium resolution and high resolution or of medium resolution and low resolution) crop planting area survey methods which include Neural Network method, Linear unmixing method and SVM etc. Accuracy validation method based on system analysis. Taking pixel accuracy and area accuracy as analysis index, research on and ameliorate the consistency analysis methods for the results from medium-low resolution survey and medium-high resolution survey. Accuracy analysis method based on the practical validation of field samples. Taking pixel accuracy as analysis index, research on and ameliorate the point checkup method (GPS points) and the parcel checkup method (samples). Research on the technical method of crop planting area survey and accuracy checkup based on the mass field samples and the integration of multi-scale remote sensing data has provided technical insurance for the establishment of crop planting area remote sensing survey system. Prophase Research and Application: Technical Methods

10. Technical standard and specification  The technical standards and specifications of crop planting area survey based on the integration of the mass field sample and the multi-source remote sensing information has been established, which mainly includes the field sample survey technology standards and specification and t he remote sensing data processing technology standards and specifications. Mass field survey database  According to the field sample survey standards and specifications, adopt the standard and uniform technical methods that integrate GPS and field survey, sufficiently utilize the field survey network of NBS. after two- year struggle, the mass filed survey database including statistic sampling parcel survey points, remote sensing typical survey points, detailed survey points with the support of high resolution images of key areas and random survey points on the way has been established for the five grain main production provinces-Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui. The establishment of the mass field survey database has settled solid foundation for remote sensing survey and accuracy validation. Background database  In order to better survey the main crops such as wheat, paddy rice, corn and cotton and so on, the background database of the five grain main production provinces (Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui) has been established and ameliorated integrating with the experiment area and the remote sensing data. The background database mainly contains the geographic background database, the remote sensing image database, the crop characteristic database, the arable land use database, etc. The gross capacity of the database has exceeded 200GB. Prophase Research and Application: Technical Basis

11. The technical system synthesized by remote sensing survey and field survey on crop planting area has been ameliorated, which established solid foundation for the operational running at NBS. Under the guidance of this survey system, the demonstration application has been extended to winter wheat, paddy rice, corn and cotton (survey research has been made in typical area) in the five grain main production provinces-Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui in 2005 by integrating with the method of the winter wheat experiment research in Henan Province in 2004. And the accuracy checkup method worked out by the program research was utilized to validate the accuracy. It has been suggested by the interactive validation with the sampling survey results from NBS that the accuracy of winter wheat well accorded with the needs of statistic operation. The results for the winter wheat in 2005 have been involved in the data release system of NBS. Prophase Research and Application: Technical System

12. Beijing winter wheat planting area remote sensing monitoring results in 2007

13. The Objective of Research on Statistic Remote Sensing Overall Objective Aiming at the vital needs of the national statistic operation for the spatial information technology, according to the characteristics of the statistic operation and the basis and feasibility of the application of 3S technology in the statistic operation, break through the key technologies and the system integration technology of the statistic remote sensing application, develop research on crop planting area survey, grain yield estimation and agricultural condition forecasting, establish the operational running system, reform the traditional statistic manner using advanced technology, gradually ameliorate the statistic survey means, efficiently improve the statistic work efficiency, improve the level of statistic data and analysis, extend and expand the statistic survey fields, enhance the objectivity, reliability, and scientificity of the statistic data, elevate the level of statistic decision service and social service.

14. Technical Conception ： Basic Thinking Integrate 3S technology and the statistic operation Solve the key technologies in the statistic remote sensing operation Establish the Statistic Remote Sensing Operational System Agricultural Statistic Remote Sensing Operational System Grain Acreage and Yield Rural Sample Selection & Management Rural Statistic Information Spatial Management RS GIS GPS Crop Condition Forecasting Ecological Resources Survey... 3S technology Statistic methods ＋

15. Usable Resources  Domestic Satellite Resources  FY Series Meteorological Satellites  China Brazil Earth Resources Satellites (CBERS)  Beijing-1 Micro-satellite  Resources Satellites  Foreign Satellite Resources  QUICKBIRD  LandSat  MODIS  Materials of the second national agricultural census  Materials of the second national land survey

17. Beijing Crop Statistic Remote Sensing Sampling Grids

18. The Emphases of Research Development: Standard Specification System (1) According to the national statistic system, referring to the related standards of the nation and the industry, aiming at each key technical tache and operational flow in the National Statistic Remote Sensing System, establish the National Statistic Remote Sensing Standard Specification System in order to set up foundation for the development of the National Statistic Remote Sensing Operational Running System.

19. National Statistic Remote Sensing Information Sharing and Service Platform Standard and Specification National Grain Main Production Area Grain Crop Planting Area Remote Sensing Survey and Yield Estimation Operational System Standard and Specification Rural Sampling Survey Spatialized Samples Selection and Management System Standard and Specification Rural Social Economy Statistic Information Spatial Management and Analysis System Standard and Specification The Emphases of Research Development: Standard Specification System (2)

20. The National Statistic Remote Sensing Information Sharing and Service Platform is the hub center of data management and sharing, which provides the services of data processing, storage, sharing and exchange and the uniform field data collection system for the operational system. The Emphases of Research Development: Platform Development (1)

21. Research contents of great importance: Research on the standard specification of Statistic Remote Sensing data sharing Research on the technology of mass Statistic Remote Sensing data sharing and integration Design and establish the Statistic Remote Sensing Public basic database Develop the field data collection system oriented to the Statistic Remote Sensing operational system Research on and develop the National Statistic Remote Sensing Information Sharing and Service Platform The Emphases of Research Development: Platform Development (2)

22. Rural Sampling Survey Spatialized Sample Selection and Management System ， research on the optimized technology for the statistic remote sensing ground sampling survey sample selection; establish the National Rural Sampling Survey Spatialized Sample Selection and Management Operational System; efficiently improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the rural sampling survey; provides accurate data support for the crop planting area and yield estimation and other various rural statistic operation. The Emphases of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (1)

23. Research contents of great importance: Research on the standards and specifications of spatialized samples selection in rural sampling survey Research on the methods of rural Earth sampling integrating Remote Sensing and Statistics Research on the technology of spatialized management and maintenance of the sampling counties, villages, and parcels for crop planting area and yield survey Research on multi-scale contrast technology for arable land with Remote Sensing Research on the spatialized sampling technology for residence Research on and develop the spatialized sample selection and management system for rural sampling survey The Emphases of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (1)

24. The Technical Courses of Research on the Rural Earth Sampling 5-3

25. 5-5 The Technical Courses of Research on the Rural Residence Spatial Sampling

26. The Grain Crop Planting Area Remote Sensing Survey and Yield Estimation Operational System In the National Grain Main Production Area ， research on the method system of planting area survey, yield estimation, accuracy validation and quality control for the main grain crops with the integration of the remote sensing survey technology and the statistic sampling survey method, establish “the Grain Crop Planting Area Remote Sensing Survey and Yield Estimation Operational System In the National Grain Main Production Area” at the county, province, and nation levels. The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (2)

27. Research contents of great importance: Planting structure regionalization and zoning of the main crop in the national grain main production area The establishment of the main crop spectrum library and model analysis Research on the method system of remote sensing survey on the main grain crop planting area Research on the Statistic Remote Sensing Model of the main grain crop condition monitoring and yield estimation The main grain crop planting area and yield survey accuracy evaluation methods Research on the integration and establishment of the operational running system The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (2)

28.  Sufficiently utilize the existing research achievement at home and abroad, with the support of the mass statistic sampling ground survey area data of NBS, according to different planting structure, select several test sites from the grain main production provinces to carry out key technology research, sufficiently utilize the existing remote sensing data at home and abroad as well as various new types of data sources in certain future periods, establish the technical method and system of the main grain (wheat, paddy rice, and corn) planting area survey based on the integration of multi-scale remote sensing technology and ground sampling survey (according to the recognition accuracy and acquirement ability of remote sensing data, take high resolution data as the data source for checkup and support, medium-high resolution data as core monitoring data source (10-50m), medium-low resolution data as complete coverage survey data source (100-250m)), realize the operational running of planting area survey on the main grain crop in the grain main production area at last by the typical demonstration application at province and county level. The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (2)

29.  Aiming at the grain of typical variety (wheat, corn, and paddy rice) and other typical ground objects, according to the planting structure, establish test parcels for observation in each grain main production province, carry out continuous spectrum observation through the whole growing season. Aiming at different grain variety, different phenophases, different grow condition, set up a set of holographic spectrum database of typical grain variety and other typical ground objects. According to the scale characteristics of remote sensing, research on and establish the spectrum characteristic curve models and methods for mixed pixels of different proportions of crop and various ground objects in order to solve the contradiction between the spectra characteristic of typical grain variety and the phased and instantaneous nature of the requirement of remote sensing data and to set up physic foundation and recognition parameter support for the grain type remote sensing detection. The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (2)

30. Rural Social-Economic Statistic Information Spatial Management and Analysis System Research on the statistic remote sensing information sharing and release technology, establish the rural social-economic statistic information spatial management, analysis and release system based on GIS technology to provide demonstration for the national statistic information release. Research Key Points:  The design and research of the standards and specifications  Research on the technical methods of spatialized process, analysis and release of the rural social-economic statistic data  Develop the Rural Social-Economic Statistic Information Spatial Management and Analysis System The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (3)

31. Design and research of the standards and specifications Research on the technical methods of the spatialized process, analysis and release of the rural social-economic statistics data Research on and develop the spatial management and analysis system for the rural social-economic statistic information The Emphasis of Research Development: Operational System Establishment (3)

32. Thanks