1. HH APiPi PiPi PiPi The protons are combined with the electrons and oxygen…. O

2. APiPi PiPi PiPi ….to form a molecule of water O HH

3. APiPi PiPi PiPi In the absence of oxygen, there is a build up of hydrogen atoms HH HH HH HH HH HH

4. APiPi PiPi PiPi The NADH/H + and FADH 2 will not be reoxidised as they will no longer be able to release the Hydrogen they are carrying HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+

5. APiPi PiPi PiPi HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ HH NAD

6. APiPi PiPi PiPi This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ HH NAD

7. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.

9. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals

10. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals

11. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

12. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

13. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

14. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH NAD

15. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals and forms lactic acid. HH NAD

16. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the lactic acid. HH NAD

17. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2

18. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

19. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

20. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

21. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O

22. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

23. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

24. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

25. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

26. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

27. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

28. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose

29. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate

30. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

31. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

32. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose

33. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose pyruvate

34. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose pyruvate ethanol + CO 2