1. Lab 3: Codes, Meaning, Copying

2. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Instructions for the parts of living things Why the instructions for you are stored as hydrogen interactions between ringy things

3. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why care about DNA?

4. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg It’s in all living things Interface between chemistry and ‘life’ Easily understood molecule doesn’t ‘do’ anything Structure is based on H-bonding Structure IS function

5. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg So what does it mean to be “living”

6. Things to do today: http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Make leap from Chemistry to Biology: how can you get ‘you’ from C, H, O, N and P (finish next week) Describe HOW/WHY A goes with T and G with C (and ‘not’ G with T) Discuss what took ‘them’ so long Mutations happen ALL THE TIME! Begin investigation into genetic diseases

7. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why Does A “go with” T?

8. Party hats on- Starting point: –BLUE hats – L hand out, palm down –GREEN hats – L hand out, palm out (shake) –YELLOW hats – L hand out, palm up –RED hats – L hand out, palm out (shake) START with a strand of GGGTT,‘right hand’ on neighbor’s shoulder Make a matching strand (dbl-stranded DNA) Why do bases go together? Each strand ‘count off’ from their L to R, how do the two directions compare? Gua = Green Cyt = Red Ade = Blue Thy = Yellow

9. Separate strands; who partners with whom? What external info do we need to re-create the missing strand? Restart; RED hat turns hand palm up (put on purple hat) it’s undergone chemical change… replicate &…? Gua = Green Cyt = Red Ade = Blue Thy = Yellow GGGTT

10. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds?

11. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds? What types of ‘bonds’ are there?

12. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds? What types of ‘bonds’ are there? Not all atoms play fair

14. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction

15. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’

16. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ Based on electronegativity

17. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ Based on electronegativity Why not Carbon-Hydrogen?

19. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors

20. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen)

21. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen) H-Bond Acceptors

22. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen) H-Bond Acceptors Negative charge (O, N)

23. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Basil Oregano Salt Garlic

24. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

25. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Things you already ‘know’ Pyrimidine (single ring), Purine (double) –PUR A s G old –Big base = little name

26. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Take a look at the models Each group gets GC or AT pair. Investigate. Superimposability of GC, CG, AT, TA pairs High crimes and misdemeanors

27. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Anatomy of a basepair Ornaments -NH2 =O -H -OH =NH

28. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Make your own GC or AT Hydrogen bonds form between G-C pairs and A-T pairs. GuanineCytosine ThymineAdenine Sugar-phosphate backbone Hydrogen bonds DNA contains thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil 55 55 33 33 Freeman, Biological Science, 4.6b

29. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Rubric is available via web page BasePairer

30. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Go to the ‘Lab03_DNA’ folder Launch ‘BasePairer’ DON’T log in, that’s for homework Write your names on the paper I hand out; return it at end of class or zero credit Basepairer group = genetic disease group make a note of your group name & genetic disease in your lab notebook Basepairer

31. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Bad things happen to good bases

32. Bad things happen to Good Bases Chargaff’s Rules didn’t lead to structure WHY? %A%T%G%C Mycobacterium15.114.634.935.4 Yeast31.332.918.717.1 Wheat27.327.122.722.8 Sea Urchin 32.832.117.717.3 Marine Crab 47.3 2.7 Turtle29.727.92221.3 Rat28.628.421.421.5 Human30.929.419.919.8

33. Tautomers Bad things happen to Good Bases

34. Tautomers Bad things happen to Good Bases

35. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Disease Spans the next month – SYMPTOMS AND DISTRIBUTION – DNA mutation, amino acid change – Probable influence on protein structure – Then you’ll share your findings with the class Lets you apply your learning and thinking to an actual disease

36. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Disease Write your names on the paper I hand out; return it at end of class or zero credit Make note or your group name and disease in your lab notebook What is most important is that you think well and integrate what you are learning; being ‘right’ is secondary * Letters and underlines only. CAN BE SEEN BY ME!

37. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Diseases Due Today!!! Part 1 of assignment Turned in to me with all group members’ names on it.

38. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Diseases An example: hemoglobin/sickle cell anemia –Sufferers: one in 12 African Americans has the TRAIT; overall, 1/5000 Americans suffer –Common in areas with malaria –symptoms: shortened lifespan (48-52), see next slide

39. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg A few thoughts “Google” is a great search engine –Use quotes if needed –Advanced search –‘scholar’ Wikipedia –User contributions Anybody can have a web page

40. Homework Examining DNA/Intro Translation Assessor Transcribe & Translate (Vocab) Basepairer – Group assignment (1/group) – Written portion to Dropbox Quiz next week – Emphasizes next week’s lab – Study today’s material, too