1. DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides

2. THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF DNA IS TO: Store & Transmit Genetic Info

3. A NUCLEOTIDE IS MADE UP OF: Sugar, Phosphate, Base

4. FOLLOWING THE RULES OF BASE- PAIRING, WHICH BASES MUST MATCH UP IN DNA? A & T, C & G

5. THE BACKBONE OF DNA IS MADE OF WHICH 2 SPECIFIC COMPONENTS? Deoxyribose Sugars, Phosphate

6. THE TWO SCIENTISTS THAT WERE CREDITED WITH ESTABLISHING THE STRUCTURE OF DNA ARE: Watson & Crick

7. WHO WAS THE SCIENTIST THAT DISCOVERED THE AMOUNT OF A=T AND THE AMOUNT OF C=G? Chargaff

8. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RNA? (YOU HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC) Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal

9. WHERE IS DNA FOUND? Nucleus

10. THE TYPES OF BONDS FOUND BETWEEN THE BASES IN DNA ARE: Hydrogen Bonds

11. GENES CONTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLING WHAT? Proteins!!!

12. WHAT IS THE TERM USED WHEN NEW DNA IS MADE? Replication

13. WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN REPLICATION? SEE NEXT SLIDE…

14. STEPS IN REPLICATION 1.Unwind 2.Unzip- (by breaking hydrogen bonds b/t bases) 3.Add complementary nucleotides to each side 4.Two new identical strands of DNA

15. AT THE END OF REPLICATION, THERE ARE 2 IDENTICAL STRANDS OF DNA-EACH WITH ONE OLD STRAND AND ONE NEW…WHAT IS THIS CALLED? Semi-Conservative

16. DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE STRAND: GATCCG WILL PRODUCE A STRAND WITH WHAT BASES? CTAGGC

17. WHAT IS THE SERIES OF THREE LETTERS ON DNA CALLED? Triplet

18. WHAT IS THE “TRIPLET” ON mRNA CALLED? Codon

19. WHAT ARE THE TWO STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? Transcription & Translation

20. PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF: Amino Acids

21. THE PROCESS BY WHICH mRNA IS MADE IS CALLED: Transcription

22. WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE PLACE? Nucleus

23. COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTION: ACT AGG TAC UGA UCC AUG

24. IN RNA, ADENINE (A) IS COMPLEMENTARY TO WHICH BASE? Uracil, U

25. WHERE ARE PROTEINS MADE? Ribosome

26. TRANSFER RNA IS LIKE AN “INTERPRETER” BECAUSE IT CARRIES WHAT TO THE RIBOSOME? Amino Acids

27. THE tRNA KNOWS WHICH AMINO ACID TO CARRY BECAUSE IT READS WHAT? mRNA codon

28. WHICH TYPE OF RNA CARRIES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTEINS? mRNA

29. WHAT IS A RIBOSOME MADE UP OF? rRNA & protein

30. AMINO ACIDS ARE BONDED TOGETHER WITH WHICH TYPE OF BOND? Peptide

31. THIS IS A PICTURE OF: Messenger RNA

32. WHAT ARE THESE PICTURES? rRNA (and ribosome), tRNA

33. ALL CODONS FOR LYSINE: AAA, AAG

34. HOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN MAKING A PROTEIN? Start codon—AUG

35. AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUG CCC AAA GUA UAG Start-Proline-Lysine-Valine-Stop

36. ALL CODONS FOR SERINE: AGC, AGU, UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG

37. AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUG CCC GUA UAG Start-Proline-Valine-Stop

38. Transcription

39. Start codon

40. Amino Acid

41. Nucleus

42. mRNA

43. tRNA

44. anticodon

45. translation WHAT IS THIS PROCESS CALLED?