1. Warm-Up September 11, 2014 How is forensic anthropology used to identify skeletal remains?

2. An inconsiderate slob dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn. One of these two suspects is guilty. Slylock Fox found evidence that may identify the loathsome litterbug. What did Slylock observe to help him identify the trash tosser? Source: http://www.slylockfox.com/arcade/BrainBogglers/index.html

3. Slylock found bones in the trash. The bull is an herbivore and only eats plants. The raccoon is an omnivore and eats both plants and animals. The raccoon is the trash tosser.

4. Objective SWBAT describe the various procedures used during an autopsy.

5. Agenda 1.Review No Bones About It 2.Real CSI Video 3.Death 4.Autopsies 5.Exit Slip

6. No Bones About It At a nearby construction zone, workers have made a startling discovery. They uncovered several bones that look like they were buried some time ago. You are part of a team of forensic anthropologists who have been called in to analyze these bones. Unfortunately, the bones were heavily damaged by the construction equipment. The bones have all been mixed up, and several have been crushed. However, you think you can use the bones that are left to: 1) determine how many people were buried at this location and 2) determine the heights of the different individuals.

7. Real CSI Forensic Pathology 1.What is the difference between a coroner and a medical examiner? 2.What are considered reportable deaths? 3.What is cause of death?

8. Death Death is the cessation, or end, of life.

9. Four Manners of Death Natural Causes – When the body ceases to function of its own accord or if there are mitigating medical factors such as terminal illness, heart disease or the like, which would bring about death Homicide: – The taking of one human life by another human being by means of pre-meditated murder. The term pre-meditated means to have purposely planned and executed the murder of another human being in cold blood whilst trying to elude capture by the authorities. Accidental Death – The death of an individual by means other than natural death, murder or suicide. Accidental death can sometimes be manslaughter - murder but committed out of an involuntary act of violence towards another. Suicide – The deliberate taking of one's own life due to extreme emotional distress often brought about by severe depression.

10. Cause vs. Manner vs. Mechanism Cause of Death – Immediate reason for a person’s death Manner of Death – A mean by which someone dies Mechanism of Death – The specific body failure that leads to the death

11. Livor, Rigor & Algor Mortis Livor mortis - the pooling of the blood in tissues after death, causing changes in the skin’s color Rigor mortis- the stiffening of the skeletal muscles after death Algor mortis - the cooling of the body after death

12. Livor Mortis Heart stops beating which had been mixing blood Red blood cells are denser so they sink Maroon to blue color develops at lowest points Visible 30 minutes - 12 hours after death Tells you if the body was moved.

13. Livor Mortis Pressure prevents pooling

14. Livor Mortis

15. Rigor Mortis

16. Skeletal muscles partially contract Joints stiffen, lock in place Beginning about 2 hours after death Lasting about 30 hours

17. Algor Mortis Rate of cooling of body after death – 1.5 ° F per hour under “normal conditions” 0.78 Degrees Celsius

18. Algor Mortis Clothing – Insulates body from heat loss Obesity – Fat insulates, temperature falls more slowly Ratio of surface area to volume – Children, thin people cool faster In water? – Cooling is faster since water is a better conductor of heat than air

19. **37° C is normal body temperature** A man is found on the side of the road. His body temperature is 32° C. How long has this man been dead? A woman is found dead. Her body temperature is 25° C. How long has this woman been dead?

20. Decomposition of a Corpse Initial decay - corpse appears normal on the outside but starts to decompose internally via autolysis Putrefaction - Odor of decaying flesh is present and the corpse appears swollen Black putrefaction - Very strong odor and parts of the flesh appear black. Gases escape and the corpse collapses. Butyric Fermentation - Corpse begins to dry out and most flesh is gone. Dry decay - Corpse is almost dry and further decay is very slow from lack of moisture.

21. Steps in an Autopsy 1.Record basic statistics of victim 2.Record external observations 3.Recover and store trace evidences 4.Extract blood and urine sample 5.Perform Y incision 6.Remove breast plate 7.Remove, examine and weigh major organs 8.Examine skull and brain 9.Return bodily contents and stitch up skull and body chest.

22. Exit Slip September 11, 2014 Go to m.socrative.com and complete the exit slip ( Room 417101) Answer the question below QUESTION: How long has a victim been dead, if she was found with a body temperature of 24 degrees Celsius?