1. IPv6 for Mobile and Wireless Internet Alper E. Yegin DoCoMo USA Labs IPv6 Forum Technical Directorate Member, IETF PANA Working Group Chairman

2. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 2 Mobile and Wireless New attributes of the Internet –Internet has been fixed and wired Mobility and wireless access bring in new requirements, old requirements with greater magnitude –Scalability –Security –Dynamic reconfiguration –Extendibility –Mobility and persistence Can IPv4 meet these requirements adequately?

3. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 3 Scalability When the cable is cut, Internet can get anywhere –No longer limited to stationary nodes –People move, they prefer to take Internet with them –Cell phone, pda, car, … Always on –Not dial-up, no time sharing of addresses Multi-access devices –More addresses needed! cellular WLAN IPv4 could not match the need, and gave birth to IPv4-NAT architecture... The basic design principles of the Internet are violated, and we are paying the price...

4. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 4 NAT and Servers NAT is maybe (*) OK if you are just a client, but NOT OK if server! Wireless devices getting better and capable of running services: –Bandwidth (384Kbps) –CPU (206Mhz) –Storage (256MB, 1GB) –Peripherals Camera, printer, barcode reader, GPS, sensors Cannot run a server in a IPv4-NAT domain..

5. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 5 Security Fixed and wired Internet client ISP1 ISP2 Server PPP, PANA

6. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 6 Security Wireless and mobile Internet client ISP1 ISP2 Server ISPx WEP, 802.1x, PPP, PANA ???

7. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 7 Security Wireless and mobile Internet client ISP1 ISP2 ISPx WEP, 802.1x, PPP, PANA Server

8. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 8 Security Internet client ISP1 ISP2 ISPx Server

9. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 9 Security Internet client ISP1 ISP2 ISPx Server IPsec

10. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 10 Security Your client can only control security on last mile –Link-layer authentication/encryption WEP, 802.1x, PPP –PANA No control over other end’s access security Security has to be end-to-end –No trust on intermediaries, and environment of remote end –IPsec is a must! Cannot run IPsec through IPv4-NAT domain

11. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 11 Plug-and-Play Very small devices –Limited capability –No interface for configuration –Large number of them –Constantly changing environment (they move!) Example: Mini sensors with transmitters IPv6 address auto-configuration Anycast addresses –Service discovery - TinyOS - Berkeley IPv6 has enhanced plug-and-play features

12. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 12 Future Proof Hard to know future needs –Proliferation of mobile and wireless related WGs in IETF and IRTF is the proof Mobile IP, Seamoby, PILC, Monet, NSIS, Manet, Micromobility, ??? Extensibility –Extension headers, options IPv6 header Routing Header Hop-by-hop Options Header Destination Options Header TCP HeaderDATA IPv6 can accommodate future needs of mobility and wireless access

13. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 13 Mobility Management Mobile IPv6 far superior than Mobile IPv4 –Built-in route optimization –Co-existence with ingress filtering –No foreign agent needed

14. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 14 Mobile IPv4 Home Agent Mobile Node1 Mobile Node2 Foreign Agent Lack of optimizations with Mobile IPv4...

15. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 15 Mobile IPv6 Route optimization –Correspondent node sends directly to mobile Ingress filtering protection –No need to reverse tunnel from mobile to home Mobile Node1 Mobile Node2 Mobile IPv6 comes with built-in optimizations

16. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 16 Mobile IPv4 Internet Foreign Agent Foreign Agent Home Agent Mobile Node Foreign agents required on the access networks Additional infrastructure required for Mobile IPv4 deployment

17. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 17 Mobile IPv6 Internet Home Agent Mobile Node Access Router Simple access routers sufficient Scalable Mobile IPv6 deployment

18. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 18 No Foreign Agent All mobile node needs is IPv6 access Once IPv6 is deployed, clients can immediately start using Mobile IPv6 on top of it –Quick and easy deployment Internet Joe’s Home Agent Joe’s Home Network Cable modemJoe’s PDA (mobile node) Any access network

19. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 19 Private Address Support Typical Mobile IPv4 deployment uses Foreign Agent located care-of address and mobile nodes with private addresses –Subnet 10.0.0.0/8 Mobile nodes’ IPv4 addresses can collide –Implementation is complex!!! Reverse tunnel support Private address support –No route optimization possible Complex, costly, sub-optimal Mobile IPv4 deployment

20. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 20 Efficiency IPv6 header vs. IPv4 header –40 bytes, 20 bytes –Header compression PPP ROHC Streamlined processing –Fixed header size –Optimized for 64bit architecture

21. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 21 IETF New protocols developed –Mobile IP –Seamoby: seamless mobility (context transfer) –Monet: mobile networks –PANA: network access authentication –Micromobility management (IRTF) –NSIS: QoS NAT is a pain! –NAT considerations? Protocols get more complicated because of NAT and takes longer to design

22. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 22 Wireless Architectures 3GPP –IPv6 mandatory for IMS –IMS network elements are IPv6-only –All IMS (both SIP signaling and media flow) is IPv6- only 3GPP2 WLAN –3GPP R6

23. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 23 Real-time Data Communications Audio, video applications –Sensitive to packet loss and delay Mobility adds latency –Handover Solution: –Fast handovers for Mobile IPv6

24. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 24 Mobility Management Solutions Internet Access Router1 Access Router2 Access Router3 Access Router4 Mobile Node Correspondent Node

25. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 25 Mobility Management Solutions L2 mobility protocols Internet Access Router1 Access Router2 Access Router3 Access Router4 Mobile Node Correspondent Node

26. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 26 Mobility Management Solutions FMIPv6 L2 mobility protocols Internet Access Router1 Access Router2 Access Router3 Access Router4 Mobile Node Correspondent Node

27. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 27 Mobility Management Solutions FMIPv6 L2 mobility protocols Internet Access Router1 Access Router2 Access Router3 Access Router4 Mobile Node Correspondent Node

28. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 28 Seamless IPv6 Mobility Mobile IPv6 FMIPv6 L2 mobility protocols Internet Access Router1 Access Router2 Access Router3 Access Router4 Mobile Node Correspondent Node

29. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 29 Summary Mobile and wireless Internet will take over the edge –Backbone will stay mostly wired It demands: –Scalability –Security –Plug-and-play –Extensibility –Better mobility support –End2end communication IPv6.............. pass IPv4-NAT....FAIL

30. Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 30 IPv6 is the only solution for the truly mobile and wireless Internet