1. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eukaryotes Common ancestor Protists Simple Eukaryotes

2. Regents Biology General characteristics  Classification criteria  eukaryotes  not animal, plant or fungi That’s more of what they’re not & not what they are!

3. Regents Biology Protist Diversity  A great variety in ways of life  one-celled to many-celled  autotrophs (photosynthesis) to heterotrophs (have to eat)  asexual to sexual reproduction  pathogens to beneficial  sessile to mobile

4. Regents Biology Mobility  How Protists move  flagellum  cilia  pseudopod

5. Regents Biology Protist Diversity  Animal-like Protists  heterotrophs, predators  Amoeba  Paramecium  Stentor Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

6. Regents Biology Protist Diversity  Plant-like Protists  autotrophs, photosynthesis  Euglena  algae  diatoms

7. Regents Biology Protist Diversity  Parasitic & pathogen Protists  malaria  Giardia  trypanosomes Plasmodium Giardia Trypanosoma

8. Regents Biology Protist Diversity  Beneficial & necessary Protists  phytoplankton  small algae + diatoms  much of the world’s photosynthesis  produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen  zooplankton  heterotroph protists  key ecological role at base of marine food web

9. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Kingdom: Fungi Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eukaryotes Common ancestor

10. Regents Biology General characteristics  Classification criteria  eukaryotes  heterotrophs  must feed off of others  mostly multicellular  except one-celled yeasts  cell wall

11. Regents Biology Structure  Cells  long thread-like cells  multiple nuclei  cell wall  made from chitin  just like crab shells septum chitin cell wall nuclei pore

12. Regents Biology plant cell fungal cells plant cell membrane plant cell wall How do Fungi get their Nutrition?  Heterotrophs  secrete digestive enzymes  absorb digested material into cell  predators  paralyzing prey  parasites  feeding on living creatures  decomposer  breakdown dead remains Cool… Fungi live IN their food! Chocolate cake, anyone?

13. Regents Biology Ecological Roles  Decomposers  recycle nutrients  Symbiotic Relationships  lichen  fungi + algae  pioneer species in ecosystems  makes soil from bare rock  mycorrhizae  fungi + plants  enables plants to absorb more water

14. Regents Biology Mycorrhizae  Critical role in plant growth  extends water absorption of roots without mycorrhizae with mycorrhizae EctomycorrhizaEndomycorrhiza

15. Regents Biology Reproduction  Asexual  budding in yeast  Sexual  spores  spread by wind spores on gills mushroom gills on mushroom fungus growing in soil

16. Regents Biology Importance of fungi to humans  Food production  bread  beer, wine  Medicine production  antibiotics penicillin