1. Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System
Endorphins and Hormones: two of the substances that are chemical messengers in the house

2. Objectives
Describe the different types of Neurotransmitters (7) AND give examples of each
Use Compare and Contrast Vocabulary such as: On the other hand, However, but, nonetheless. To construct your summary.

3. Scaffolding
Neurotransmitters make it possible excite or inhibit another neuron, Chemical release, determin if fire
Exist in Brain and spinal cord and Peripheral nerves
Nerve circuits effect mood, memory, well being
Depends on type of neurotransmitter, level, and location

4. Major neurotransmitters
chapter 4
Major neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Norepinephrine
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Glutamate
Endorphins

5. Types of Neurotransmitters
1st Serotonin
Affects neurons several areas:
Sleep
Dreams
Appetite
sensory perception
Temp. regulation
Pain suppression
Mood

6. Serotonin

7. 2nd type Dopamine Affects neurons in Excitement level
Voluntary movements
Learning
Memory
Emotion
Possibility Response to novelty

8. Dopamine

9. 3rd Acetylcholine-a·ce·tyl·cho·line
Neurons in:
Muscle action
Muscle contraction
Cognitive functioning
Muscle Memory
Memory
Emotion

10. Flexing

11. 4th Norepinephrine-nor-ep-ih-NEF-rin
Affects Neurons in:
Energy Levels
Increased heart rate
Slowing of intestinal activity during stress
Released by Adrenal Gland

13. 5th GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Majority inhibitor neurotransmitter in the BRAIN

14. Inhibit- Less likely fire= GABA

15. 6th Glutamate -glu·ta·mate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain
Released by 90% of brains neurons

16. Effects cont….
Tricky to pin down, neurotransmitters multiple roles, and interlay
DO NOT CAUSE DISORDERS. Aspirin relives headache but headache not caused by lack of aspirin
Most recreational drugs produce effect by blocking or enhancing of neurotransmitters

17. Harmful effects
Low levels serotonin associated with depression, mental disorders
GABA- abnormal levels linked to epilepsy
Alzheimer's- loose brain cells acetylcholine, memory problems
Dopamine loss- Parkinson

18. Endorphins: Brain’s natural Opiate
Endorphins- chemical messengers that reduce pain and promote pleasure.
Appetite, sexual activity
Shoot up when when animal or human is by under stress, afraid. AS A RESULT HELP FOR SURVIVAL.
Identified 1971 by Pert and Snyder; working with morphine (Heroin)
Binds receptor sites to the brain

19. Best Feeling: exercise

20. Hormones- Long distance Measures
Hormones make up 1/3 of chemical messengers
Produced primarily in endocrine glands (Endocrine System)
Promote body growth, digestion, metabolism

21. chapter 4
The endocrine system
Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream…
…Hormones regulate growth,
metabolism, sexual development
and behavior, and other functions.

22. The endocrine system

23. 4 types of HORMONES=First 3 types of
Melatonin- Pinal gland in the brain; daily biological rhythms, promotes sleep (ch 5)
Oxytocin- Pituitary gland; injection of milk, promotes attachment and trust
Adrenal Hormones- Adrenal Glands, respond to non-emotional conditions, heat, cold, pain, physical exercise
Respond to nicotine, caffeine produce Adrenaline, can impair memory

25. OXYTOCIN

27. Sex Hormones Gonads- Testes in men, ovaries in women
3 main types in both sexes but varying degrees
Androgens (testosterone) in both but for males, deepen voice, hair
Estrogen- both, but female reproduction, menstruation, breast dev.
Progesterone- fertilized uterine lining for egg

29. Hormones Melatonin Oxycotin Adrenal hormones Sex hormones
chapter 4
Hormones
Melatonin
Regulates daily biological rhythms
Oxycotin
Enhances uterine contractions during labor
Adrenal hormones
Involved in emotions and stress
Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Sex hormones
Regulate development and functioning of reproductive organs
Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone

30. Summary
Types of neurotransmitters
Hormones/Endorphins