1. Developmental Psychology
Discuss potential effects of deprivation or trauma in childhood on later development
6.2

2. deprivation or trauma in childhood
Can you give any examples?

3. Examples of deprivation or trauma in childhood
Deprivation: neglect of basic needs (physical, emotional, social), poverty, institutionalisation, parental problems
Trauma: severe shock or experience (divorce, death of a parent, physical or sexual abuse, war, natural disasters) Deprivation can also be traumatizing.

5. Feral child "raised by dogs”
Malaya was born in Ukrainian and probably suffered from a developmental disorder. She was neglected by her alcoholic parents at an early age.
As a toddler, Malaya was allegedly left outside by her parents. She crawled into the kennel of her parents' semi-stray dogs where she stayed. This led to her developing many dog-like behaviours such as barking and sniffing things, which stunted her abilities in language, normal human social and emotional skills.

6. Another example of deprivation: famous and controversial
Harry Frederick Harlow ( ) was an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which demonstrated the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development.
Harlow's experiments were controversial; they included rearing infant macaques in isolation chambers for up to 24 months, from which they emerged severely disturb

7. Resilience Some children are resilient
Reslience refers to the ability to recover or bounce back from stressful events
Why do some children manage and some develop psychopathalogy or become criminals?

8. Potential effects of deprivation in childhood on later development
Rutter et al conducted a longidudinal study on a group of Romanian children from an institution who were adopted into the UK
They compared them to children who were raised in UK institutions then adopted.

9. Results
Rutter found that there were significant differences in three areas:
1. Romanian children had attachment problems (go with stranger)
Difference in overactivity and cognitive impairment
Romanien children showed near autistic features

10. The age of adoption was important, the older the more problems
Normally functioning by the age of six
Negative life event such as physical and sexual abuse have been assoicated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders.
Rutter’s findings show that it is possible to recover from a deprived childhood.
The degree of resilience in some children was remarkle

11. Koluchova 1971, 1991
Read the case study on p. 202 and answer the two questions

12. One potential effect of trauma: PTSD
Remember the LO from the biological level of analysis that could be used here as well?
Also info from the option: abnormal psychology can be used

13. Summary
Deprivation and trauma can effect a child’s development (in line with Bowlby’s theory – how the caregiver acts) Rutter et al., Carion et al., Bremner et al. 2003, Olweus, Kidscape (human relationships)
However, research shows that a lot of children will recover (it is not fixed), Koluchova, Rutter et al.
Although, even children who are exposed to deprivation may eventually develop normally (resilience)
Can also use: Rosenzweig and Bennet (1972) Brain Plasticity