1. Chapter 8
Human Population

2. Trends in Human Population Growth
Section 1
Trends in Human Population Growth

3. Revolutions Agricultural Industrial 10,000 yrs ago
Began in the mid-1700s

5. Industrial Revolution
Sanitation
No more throwing trash and waste in streets
Washing of hands to reduce infections
Medical Technology
Mass produce medical equipment and medicines
Changes in agriculture
Large machinery
Pesticides
fertilizers

6. Result of Industrial Revolution
Decreased infant mortality
# of babies out of 1,000 that die during their first year of life
Increased life expectancy
Average # of years an individual is expected to live

7. Growth rate
How a population changes in size during a specific period of time
Slowed down and now declining slowly
Environmental factors will ultimately limit growth
Technology has allowed us to increase the carrying capacity

8. Demography Study of human population statistics
Career option? Demographer
Study human population size, population density, population distribution

9. Density More people found: Temperate and tropical Seacoasts and rivers
Cities and suburbs

10. Clumped Distribution
Leads to negative impacts on environment in certain areas and on certain bodies of water

11. Predicting Population Growth
Section 2
Predicting Population Growth

12. Total Fertility Rate
Average number of offspring a female member of a population has during her lifetime.
Why have multiple children?
Why not?
More
Survival
Workers
Take care of parents
Not
Most survive
Governments help elderly
Provide more for a smaller family

13. Replacement Fertility
Total fertility rate that would keep a population stable
If high death rate than this allows for a higher replacement fertility rate

14. Age Structure and Sex Ratio
Helps demographers to predict how the population of a nation will change in years to come.

15. Demographic Transition
Explains the change from high birthrates and death rates to a condition of low birthrates and death rates.
Four stages:
Pre-industrial stage
Transitional stage
Industrial stage
Post-industrial stage

16. Demographic Transition
Many parts of Europe, USA, Canada, and Japan all undergone this transition.

17. Social Factors Developing Nations Moderate or low income
China, Mexico, Africa, South America, Indonesia, and eastern Europe
High fertility rates, infant mortality rates, and death rates and life expectancy is lower
Higher frequency of diseases due to lack of sanitation and education about health
82% of the world’s population live in developing nations as of 2009!

18. Social Factors Developed Nations High income
U.S., Canada, western European nations, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and some Arab states

19. Educating Developing Nations?