1. Wolran Kim (a) Why is change needed? Work Cited UCLA Center for Health Policy Research U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Contra Costa Health Services Department of Health and Human Health Services Disparities

2. U.S. Health Care System The most serious problem in American capitalism Developed with PRIVATE health insurance companies Low income (15%)  Medicaid (public assistance) The elderly & disabled (19%)  Medicare (public insurance beneficiaries) Over 15% of population  No health insurance Individual health care consumption is higher than others  Expensive cost reinvested in research & development

3. How is the U.S. health care dollar spent ? Total = $2.3 Trillion

4. Need Change Debate: reform of system, accessibility, fairness, efficiency, cost and the right to equality Obama Care: expanding Medicaid for low-income, subsidize for the middle class  95% health coverage, control more medical cost Urgent need: The ideal health care system to social stability & integration of individuals/families, insurance companies, employers, doctors & hospitals

5. Health Insurance Coverage by Race/Ethnicity Ages 0-64, U.S. 1997

6. Insurance Coverage Differences Uninsured %

7. Job-based Insurance

8. Medicare Coverage

9. Uninsured rates of AAPI average 21%

10. Job-Based Insurance of AAPI average 64%

11. AAPI’s Barriers Heterogeneous: highly diverse group language, cultural, socio-economy, citizenship status, immigration circumstances, generation differences Disadvantaged in health services compared to whites Job-based insurance 64% (vs. 73% of whites) Uninsured 21% (vs. 14% of whites) Noncitizens 33% (vs. 2% of whites)

12. Sicko 2007 documentary film by Michael Moore Investigates health care in the United States Compares the for-profit, non-universal U.S. system with the non-profit universal health care systems of Canada, the United Kingdom, France and Cuba. Fifty million Americans are uninsured while the remainder, who are covered, are often victims of insurance company fraud and red tape.

13. Why is change needed? Health insurance coverage is central to reducing financial barriers & promoting access Disparities should be a concern to the entire nation  growing proportion (2000:28%, 2025:38%, 2050:47%) Compared to whites, all have lower rates of coverage Lack of coverage results in weak connections to the systems Medicaid or alternative program could provide more States have many options to expand coverage Local jurisdictions could help expand coverage