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Components of Earth
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
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Spaceship Earth Closed System Resources are limited
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Why is earth so favorable for life?
Distance from the sun (Temp range) Size of the planet (Gravity)
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What sustains life on earth?
Earth’s 4 spheres help support organisms Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere
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Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere
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Geosphere
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Composition of Earth Crust, mantle, core
Crust - 1% Earth’s mass thinnest layer Mantle - layers beneath the crust Core - innermost layer
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Structure of the Earth Four layers Lithosphere Asthenosphere
Outer core Inner core
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Structure of the Earth Lithosphere (outer layer)
crust and uppermost part of the mantle divided into pieces called tectonic plates Earthquakes (Ritcher Scale)
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Asthenosphere Outer core Inner core
Solid layer of rock beneath the lithosphere Flows very slowly allowing tectonic plates to move an top of it Outer core Dense liquid layer Inner core dense mostly made up of metals iron and nickel
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Atmosphere Nitrogen (makes up the majority), oxygen, carbon dioxide
Insulates the Earth’s surface reducing the rate that Earth loses heat
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Concentration of gases and particles are constantly changing
Gases and particles are pulled towards the Earth by gravity becoming densest by the Earth’s surface
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4 Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
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Troposphere Closest to the Earth’s surface
Weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere Temperature decreases as altitude increases. (Particles become further apart)
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Stratosphere Located above the troposphere Ozone layer, O3 High temp
absorbs the sun’s UV energy, warms the air reduces the amount of radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface High temp
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Mesosphere Lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere
It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere
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Thermosphere Layer farthest from the Earth’s surface
Nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation causing them to become electrically charged can produce radiant energy (light) known as the aurora borealis.
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Energy in the Atmosphere
Sun’s energy can be transferred by; radiation convection conduction
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Convection Conduction Radiation
Heat travels across space and in the atmosphere Conduction Heat from a warmer object flowing to a colder object when in direct contact Convection Heat transfer by currents (Hot air rises, cold air sinks
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Movement of Energy in the Atmosphere
Air is constantly moving Troposphere currents of lighter air warmed by the Earth’s surface rise into the atmosphere The currents of heavier air (cooler) sink towards the ground. The rise and sink pattern of air creates a circular current known as convection current.
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Greenhouse Effect Trapped gases heat the Earth
natural process that keeps the environment at temperatures in which life can exist When these gases known as greenhouse gases become abundant water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide a thicker insulating layer forms trapping in more heat
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Hydrosphere
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Water; % Fresh? % Salt? % Ice? Do you know?
· Includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface Water; % Fresh? % Salt? % Ice? Do you know?
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Earth’s Oceans Important role in regulating our world’s environment Absorbs over half the solar radiation
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Biosphere Abiotic and Biotic Factors Uppermost part of the geosphere, most of the hydrosphere, and lower part of the atmosphere
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Ecosystems (Sun) One – way flow of high – quality from the sun
Energy is lost as heat through process Warms atmosphere Evaporates and recycles water Generates winds Supports plant growth
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Cycling of Matter Fixed supply of nutrients are continually recycled
Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
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Ecosystem Components Life exists in biomes and aquatic life zones
Category given to regions of the world where the plant and animal life are defined by the region’s climate Temperature Precipitation Savannas, deserts, tropical rain forests, alpine, temperate, arctic, taiga
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Population Limiting factors Resources Law of tolerance
too much or too little of abiotic factor Nutrients, precipitation, temperature
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Biological Components
Producers Consumers Biodiversity
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Producers Autotrophs Make their own food
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Consumers Heterotrophs Feed on other organisms Omnivores Carnivores
Herbivores Detritivores
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Food Chain VS Food Web
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Feeding levels Trophic levels
Producers are the lowest level Primary consumers Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer and so on 10% rule, 90% energy lost as heat, growth, reproduction
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