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Earth layers
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Earth layers
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Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.
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Thickness of the layers
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The Core Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth
Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium
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Inner core Mostly solid iron Hottest Most pressure Innermost layer
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Outer core Above the inner core Liquid molten metal
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The Mantle Layer of Earth between the crust and the core
Contains most of the Earth’s mass Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust Is denser than the crust
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Mantle Largest layer Solid, but flows slowly like putty
Contains the most mass Upper mantle part of lithosphere Lower upper mantle is part of asthenosphere
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Crust Thinnest layer Outermost layer Coolest temp Least pressure
2 types- continental crust (land) thickest Oceanic crust (located under ocean) thinnest
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Earth layers Infer from the graphs about the Earth below, what happens as the depth increases?
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The deeper inside Earth, the higher the temperature and pressure.
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http://www. livescience
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Earth layers
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Tectonic Plates
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Plate Tectonics Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder
Pieces of the lithosphere that move around Each plate has a name Fit together like jigsaw puzzles Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water
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Continental Drift Alfred Wegener 1900’s
Continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth” 245 Million years ago Split again – Laurasia & Gondwana 180 million years ago
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Evidence of Pangea
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Lithosphere vs. asthenosphere
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Lithosphere vs. asthenosphere
What is the lithosphere? crust and uppermost mantle broken into 30 plates What is the asthenosphere? plastic-like part of mantle under the lithosphere plates (lithosphere) move around on this
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Lithosphere vs. asthenosphere
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Lithosphere vs. asthenosphere
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Plate tectonics BrainPOP “Plate tectonics”
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