1. + How Minerals Form Dec 4 th 2012

2. + Aim & Learning Target AIM: What are Minerals? How do minerals form? Learning Target: I can identify and describe as mineral and give a basic explanation of how they are formed. Agenda Do Now Mini Lesson Practice

3. + Do NOW How are minerals different from rocks? How to you think we classify minerals? What are some common minerals?

4. + What is a mineral? Take a minute to brainstorm...

5. + Definition of a Mineral: A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition, and an ordered atomic arrangement.

6. + Breaking Down the Definition: Minerals are naturally occurring They are not made by humans Minerals are inorganic They have never been alive and are not made up from plants or animals Minerals are solids They are not liquids (like water), or gases (like the air around you) Minerals have a definite chemical composition Each one is made of a particular mix of elements Minerals have an ordered atomic arrangement The elements that make up each mineral are arranged in a particular way

7. + How do you think minerals form? Take a minute to brainstorm...

8. + How minerals form? Four major processes by which minerals form Crystallization from magma Precipitation Changes in pressure and temperature Formation from hydrothermal solutions

9. + Crystallization from magma Magma is molten rock deep in the earth As magma cools, elements combine to form minerals The first ones to form contain iron, calcium, magnesium Later, sodium, potassium and aluminum minerals form Examples: Feldspar Quartz muscovite

10. + Precipitation When water evaporates, it leaves behind the minerals the are dissolved in it. Examples: Limestone cave Halite calcite

11. + Pressure and Temperature Pressure Minerals can recrystallize Temperature When temperature changes some minerals become unstable  rearrange structure to become stable. Examples Talc muscovite

12. + Hydrothermal Solutions Hydrothermal solutions are very hot mixture of water and dissolved substance (btw 100 and 300 ˚C) When in contact with other minerals a chemical reaction forms new minerals. Examples: Bornite chalcopyrite

13. + Are diamonds the same as everyone else? Carbon that makes up diamonds comes from the melting of preexisting rocks in the Earth’s upper mantle Temp changes in upper mantle forces carbon to go deeper. When temperature cools, diamond deposits. Pressure also has to be correct.