1. Mise en scene Split into: –Locations –Props –Costume, hair and make up –Lighting –Use of colour –Character position Always consider connotations

2. Learning Objectives Develop understanding of cinematography in creating meaning

3. What is cinematography? The art of capturing a moving image on camera. Derives from Greek for “movement” – but it is also about the “look and feel” of a shot.

4. Cinematography What word should we use to help us when note taking?

5. AMPS Angles – High angle, low angle Movement – Tracking, panning, handheld Positions – Crane shot, POV SHOT Shots – Extreme close up, close up, medium, long, extreme long, two shot

6. Cinematography Research In pairs, look at the Yale Cinematography website on your laptops For the following terms: –Define in 1 sentence –Describe in 1 sentence (using your own words!) what effect it has in the visual examples given Over-exposed shot: –“When the camera lens is widened to let more light through it” –“In the film Traffic this gives the feeling of an arid and barren landscape” 1.High angle 2.Tracking shot 3.Crane shot 4.Shallow focus 5.Point of View shot 6.Extreme long shot 7.Close up shot 8.Establishing shot 9.2 shot

7. Audience meanings What we learn about: –characters –plot/narrative –setting/location/era –mood or tone of the TV show

8. At this stage you should focus on TECHNIQUES used and what EFFECT you think these have in creating MEANING: close up shot = emphasises character’s emotions point of view shot = allows audience to empathise with character dark setting and stormy weather = creates drama/tension

9. Timed essay “How does and cinematography help to create meaning for the audience in the scene from Jekyll?”

10. Key words Representation (under-represented, over-represented?) (Traditional or modern) stereotype –questioning/challenging, reinforcing, subverting, exposing…. Oppression Complex/multi-layered Symbolism Connotes Stock type Archetype Realism Constructed/de-constructed Audience (effect upon) Gender (e.g. women as commodities, sexual imbalance) Age Ethnicity Class Sexuality Disability/ability Region

11. But remember the exam! In the exam you will be writing about all 4 different technical aspects and how they create meaning around an area (or two) representation

12. Essay Tips Plan your essay: –What are your main points and how will they be linked together? Introduction - Main body - Conclusion PEE –give detailed evidence (e.g. quote dialogue), showing you have a strong understanding

13. Words to connect technique to audience This technique –suggests…. –implies…. –shows…. –connotes…. –develops…. –establishes…. –might symbolise….

14. Introduction: Briefly outline the main points of your essay Don’t make any grand generalisations Refer to the language of question Give some context to the text Conclusion: Briefly summarise your main points Don’t introduce any new points Make it interesting and stand out (e.g. ask a provocative question, evoke an image, use a quotation) Don’t just repeat introduction!

15. Link paragraphs using comparartive connectives Hot Fuzz is a self-consciously Americanised British film that crosses over into a variety of genres – cop film, action, western, murder mystery, gothic horror and even slasher – all which are underpinned by a sense of farce and comedy that feels distinctly British. It most explicitly juxtaposes American cop and action film references against a stereotypically British “heritage” narrative, setting and characters. This serves not only to illustrate the increasingly pervasive cultural influence of America upon Britain but also the differences between the British and American film and television treatment of crime; the former low-key and subtle, the latter glamorous and brash. Whilst Hot Fuzz subverts, satirises and thereby perhaps questions stereotypical notions of Britishness, Four Weddings and a Funeral appears to use humour to reinforce such notions. It gives an idealised and traditional representation of Britain. This is, in part, a consequence of it targeting an American as well as a British audience; as a result, it presents British “heritage” characters and situations that are also designed to appeal to Americans. Indeed, as I have mentioned, Hot Fuzz is filled with references to American cop films. PC Danny Butterman tells Nicholas Angel that he is a fan of the Bad Boys films featuring Will Smith when they go back to Butterman’s home after a night at the local pub to pay homage to his film heroes. Butterman seems to believe that Angel is from a similarly glamorous urban environment in London, reinforcing the stereotype of him as an ignorant rural policeman; indeed, the vaguely homoerotic relationship between Butterman and Angel could be said to mirror those in countless American action or cop thrillers such as Bad Boys, Lethal Weapon or Point Break. Moreover, the heavily stylised shootout towards the end of the film also clearly draws upon a number of American cop films – a world of machine guns and extravagant, acrobatic and explosive stunts – but takes place in an apparently quiet and unspoilt English village populated by typical British stock types who speak, for the most part, in a recognisable south western accent – the vicar, the pub landlord, the police constable and the local amateur dramatic society, amongst others.

16. Some comparative connectives: – Having said this – Although – Whereas – Despite – Moreover – Furthermore – Nevertheless – Additionally – However – As well – Indeed – Instead – Rather – Elsewhere – Alternatively

17. Build a list of key words Representation (under-represented, over-represented?) (Traditional or modern) stereotype –questioning/challenging, reinforcing, subverting, exposing…. Oppression Complex/multi-layered Symbolism Connotes Stock type Archetype Realism Constructed/de-constructed Audience (effect upon) Gender (e.g. women as commodities, sexual imbalance) Age Ethnicity Class Sexuality Disability/ability Region

18. Introduction: Briefly outline the main points of your essay Don’t make any grand generalisations Refer to the language of question Give some context to the text Conclusion: Briefly summarise your main points Don’t introduce any new points Make it interesting and stand out (e.g. ask a provocative question, evoke an image, use a quotation) Don’t just repeat introduction!

19. How is cinematography used to create meaning for the audience?